Time Domain Reflectometry Measurements of Nitrate Transport in Manure‐Amended Soil
Time Domain Reflectometry Measurements of Nitrate Transport in Manure‐Amended Soil
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时域反射法测量粪肥改良土壤中硝酸盐的迁移
DOI：
10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200010013x
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
K. Henriksen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Henrik H. Nissen;P. Møldrup;K. Henriksen
为了获得更详细的信息，农业土壤中的N过程，需要具有高的空间和时间分辨率的非破坏性测量技术。研究了时域反射仪（TDR）结合小型聚砜中空纤维（PHF）溶液采样器跟踪不同降雨条件下牛粪施肥土壤中NO3-产生和迁移的能力。实验在微型土壤仪中进行，使用粗桑迪土壤和两种不同的泥浆施用方法：（i）表面施用，然后耙（均匀掺入）或（ii）直接注入（作为粪肥串掺入）。土壤-水电导率（EC w）与TDR和溶液采样器测量的土壤水中的NO3-和Cl的浓度之和之间的比较显示出良好的协议无论是在浓度水平和时间和空间的发展。除开始施水时土壤水中自然离子含量的初始淋溶外，从粪肥中释放的NO3-是土壤水中的主要阴离子，NO3-的变化与EC w的变化有很好的对应关系。泥浆和水的应用策略有很大的影响硝化和NO3-淋溶的时间发展。在均质掺浆和恒水处理3 wk的情况下，NO3-的形成和淋溶在4 ~ 5 d后开始，而直接注入泥浆的情况下，NO3-的形成和淋溶在9 ~ 10 d后开始。如果只在最后一周（第三周）对直喷泥浆系统进行注水，则泥浆中大量的NH 4 +在注水前被氧化成NO3-，随后被淋失。高时空分辨率的TDR测量结合PHF溶液采样器的离子浓度测量是分析土壤中非保守离子周转和迁移的一种新的、有价值的方法。
To obtain more detailed information about N processes in agricultural soils, nondestructive measurement techniques with high spatial and temporal resolution are needed. The ability of time domain reflectometry (TDR) in combination with small polysulfone hollow fiber (PHF) solution samplers to follow NO 3 - production and transport in soil fertilized with cattle slurry and exposed to different rainfall events was investigated. The experiments were conducted in minilysimeters using a coarse sandy soil and two different slurry application methods: (i) surface application followed by harrowing (homogenous incorporation) or (ii) direct injection (incorporation as a manure string). Comparison between soil-water electrical conductivity (EC w ) obtained with TDR and the sum of NO 3 - and Cl concentrations in the soil water measured with solution samplers showed a good agreement both with respect to concentration levels and temporal and spatial development. Except for an initial leaching of the natural ion content in the soil water when water application was started, NO 3 - released from the manure was the dominating anion in the soil water and changes in NO 3 - corresponded well to changes in EC w . Both slurry and water application strategy had a large effect on the temporal development in nitrification and NO 3 - leaching. In the case of homogeneously incorporated slurry and constant water application for 3 wk, NO 3 - formation and leaching started after 4 to 5 d, while it started after 9 to 10 d in the case of directly injected slurry. If water was applied only in the last (third) week to the directly injected slurry system, a large amount of the NH 4 + in the slurry was oxidized to NO 3 - before water application and subsequently leached. The TDR measurements of EC w with high spatial and temporal resolution combined with a few measurements of ion concentrations by PHF solution samplers is a new, valuable method for analyzing turnover and transport of nonconservative ions in soil.