Farming and landscape management: How French farmers are coping with the ecologization of their activities
Farming and landscape management: How French farmers are coping with the ecologization of their activities
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DOI：
10.1007/s10806-006-9010-0
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发表时间：
2006-10-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Candau, Jacqueline
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deuffic, Philippe;Candau, Jacqueline
在欧洲，粮食生产的公共补贴越来越多地用于商品生产和环境服务。今天，农民在追求技术和经济绩效（自1960年代以来一直是其专业活动的范式）与考虑到自80年代中期以来强加的环境问题之间犹豫不决。农民是否有可能继续按照农业食品生产者的模式工作，他们如何对其活动的生态化作出反应？在本文中，我们将看到的困难和紧张的来源，在日常的专业实践中的景观维护的农民。我们将看到，农民的职业身份因这些变化而受到深刻的质疑（用诸如“农村问题”等更普遍的关切取代严格的“农业问题”，用“生态化”的农民取代农民.）。景观的主题揭示了农民之间的社会紧张关系。它还提出了农民自己界定其活动意义的合法性问题。最后，我们将看到，环境导向并没有系统地为所有农民开辟新的前景;它们有时会加剧农民之间的不平等（与土地财产成比例的财政支持，社会融合程度较低的农民被边缘化.）。
In Europe, an increasing share of public subsidies for food production is being transferred towards the production of goods and environmental services. Today, farmers hesitate between the quest for technical and economic performance, which has been the paradigm of their professional activities since the 1960s, on one hand, and taking account of the environmental concerns that have been imposed since the middle of the 80s, on the other. Is it possible for farmers to continue to work according to the paradigm of the producer of agri-food goods, and how do they react to the ecologization of their activities? In this paper, we will see the difficulties and sources of tension induced by landscape maintenance in the daily professional practice of the farmers. We will see that the professional identity of the farmers is profoundly brought into question by these changes (substitution of strictly "agricultural issues" by more general concerns such as "rural issues," substitution of the farmer by the "ecologized" peasant...). The topic of landscape reveals social strains between farmers. It also raises the question of the legitimacy of farmers to define the sense of their activities by themselves. Finally we will see that environmental orientations do not systematically open up new prospects for all farmers; they sometimes contribute to increase the inequalities between farmers (financial support proportional to land property, marginalization of farmers who are less socially integrated...).