DNA methylation and mammalian epigenetics
DNA methylation and mammalian epigenetics
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DOI：
10.1002/1522-2683(200108)22:14
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发表时间：
2001-08
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
W. Reik;W. Dean
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Reik;W. Dean
DNA的表观遗传修饰（如甲基化）对发育期间和成人的基因组功能很重要。DNA甲基化对于基因组印记和基因表达的表观遗传控制的其他方面具有核心重要性，并且在发育期间，甲基化模式在很大程度上维持在体细胞谱系中。哺乳动物基因组在生殖细胞和早期胚胎中经历甲基化模式的主要重编程。一些参与维持和重编程的因素，如甲基转移酶，正在被确定。表观遗传变化在动物克隆中可能是重要的，并影响表观突变和表观遗传的发生。环境因素可以改变表观遗传修饰，因此可能对表型产生长期影响。表观遗传工程很可能在未来的医学中发挥重要作用。
Epigenetic modifications of DNA such as methylation are important for genome function during development and in adults. DNA methylation has central importance for genomic imprinting and other aspects of epigenetic control of gene expression, and during development methylation patterns are largely maintained in somatic lineages. The mammalian genome undergoes major reprogramming of methylation patterns in the germ cells and in the early embryo. Some of the factors that are involved both in maintenance and in reprogramming, such as methyltransferases, are being identified. Epigenetic changes are likely to be important in animal cloning, and influence the occurrence of epimutations and of epigenetic inheritance. Environmental factors can alter epigenetic modifications and may thus have long lasting effects on phenotype. Epigenetic engineering is likely to play an important role in medicine in the future.