Regulation of flowering in 'Arbequina' olives under non-chilling conditions: The effect of high daytime temperatures on blooming
Regulation of flowering in 'Arbequina' olives under non-chilling conditions: The effect of high daytime temperatures on blooming
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非冷冻条件下‘Arbequina’橄榄开花的调节：白天高温对开花的影响
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Bradford
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Malik;J. Bradford
最近，我们已经证明，在'Arbequina'品种的橄榄（油橄榄）的开花和结果可以实现在没有寒冷的温度（≤ 7°C）。在我们以前的研究中，我们表明，在某些亚热带气候（例如德克萨斯州南部）没有开花不是由于缺乏寒冷的温度，而是由于冬季的高温。基于这些初步结果，我们假设白天温度≤ 23°C可能会对'Arbequina'橄榄的开花产生不利影响。在本研究中，树木白天在温度控制室中经受24±1°C 4-5小时。我们发现，在白天（从2004年11月15日到2005年2月15日）暴露于24±1°C的温度几个小时可以显着抑制'Arbequina'橄榄的开花，而夜间温度保持在9±1°C。此外，当夜间温度从8±1°C升高到12±1°C时，花朵就会形成。在白天温度达到24±1°C持续4-5小时的生长室中，即使夜间温度保持在8±1°C，也有三棵树开花。然而，当夜间温度升高到12±1°C时，这些树木又开花了。这导致了一种独特的现象，即新的花朵在距离发育或完全发育的果实（但在颜色变化或成熟之前）只有一个节点的地方形成。因此，果实发育似乎对橄榄新花的形成没有什么影响。
Recently, we have shown that flowering and fruiting in ‘Arbequina’ cultivar of olives (Olea europaea) can be achieved in the absence of chilling temperatures (≤ 7°C). In our previous studies we showed that absence of flowering in certain subtropical climates (e.g. southern Texas) is not due to lack of chilling temperature but due to high temperatures during winter days. Based on these initial results we hypothesized that daytime temperatures ≤ 23°C could produce adverse effects on flowering in ‘Arbequina’ olives. In the present study trees were subjected to 24±1°C for 4-5 hrs during the day in temperature-controlled chambers. We found that exposure to temperatures of 24±1°C for a few hours during daytime (from November 15, 2004 until February 15, 2005) could significantly inhibit flowering in ‘Arbequina’ olives while nighttime temperature was maintained at 9±1°C. In addition, flower formation occurred when nighttime temperatures were raised from 8±1°C to 12±1°C. In the growth chamber where daytime temperatures reached to 24±1°C for 4-5 hrs, three trees flowered even when the night temperatures were kept at 8±1°C. However, these trees flowered again when the nighttime temperatures were raised to 12±1°C. This resulted in a unique phenomenon where new flowers were being formed just a node away from developing or fully developed fruits (but before color change or maturity). Thus, fruit development seems to have little ramification on the formation of new blooms in olives.