Design and Characterization of Electrically Conductive Structures Additively Manufactured by Material Extrusion
Design and Characterization of Electrically Conductive Structures Additively Manufactured by Material Extrusion
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DOI：
10.3390/app9040779
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发表时间：
2019-02-02
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Vietor, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Watschke, Hagen;Hilbig, Karl;Vietor, Thomas
多材料增材制造为功能集成提供了新的设计自由度，并为创新部件设计开辟了新的可能性，例如，导电结构或热辐射表面的局部集成。采用炭黑（CB）、碳纳米管（CNT）和纳米铜线三种不同填料对材料进行了详细的实验研究，以确定工艺对材料导电性和电阻加热的影响因素。在此基础上，研究了光栅角度取向、挤出温度、挤出速度和挤出流量。栅格角度的变化（0度、+/- 45度和90度）对电阻率的影响最大。0度角的电阻最低，电阻加热的温升最高。纳米铜线填充材料的电导率最高，其次是碳纳米管填充材料和炭黑填充材料。利用热像仪测定了表面温度的电流-电压特性和电压相关热分布。碳纳米管填充材料的温升最高。用炭黑和纳米铜线填充材料的电阻随温度的增加而增加。在实验的基础上，导出了增材制造导电结构的求解原理和设计准则。
Multi-material additive manufacturing offers new design freedom for functional integration and opens new possibilities in innovative part design, for instance, a local integration of electrically conductive structures or heat radiant surfaces. Detailed experimental investigations on materials with three different fillers (carbon black (CB), carbon nanotubes (CNT) and nano copper wires) were conducted to identify process-specific influencing factors on electrical conductivity and resistive heating. In this regard, raster angle orientation, extrusion temperature, speed and flow rate were investigated. A variation of the raster angle (0 degrees, +/- 45 degrees, and 90 degrees) shows the highest influence on resistivity. An angle of 0 degrees had the lowest electrical resistance and the highest temperature increase due to resistive heating. The material filled with nano copper wires showed the highest electrical conductivity followed by the CNT filled material and materials filled with CB. Both current-voltage characteristics and voltage-dependent heat distribution of the surface temperature were determined by using a thermographic camera. The highest temperature increase was achieved by the CNT filled material. The materials filled with CB and nano copper wires showed increased electrical resistance depending on temperature. Based on the experiments, solution principles and design rules for additively manufactured electrically conductive structures are derived.