Suitability of Phytosterols Alongside Fatty Acids as Chemotaxonomic Biomarkers for Phytoplankton.
Suitability of Phytosterols Alongside Fatty Acids as Chemotaxonomic Biomarkers for Phytoplankton.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2016.00212
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Peltomaa E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Taipale SJ;Hiltunen M;Vuorio K;Peltomaa E
浮游植物的组成和丰度是决定海洋和淡水生态系统生态状况的重要因素。化学分类标记（如色素和脂肪酸）是监测浮游植物群落变化和了解草食性浮游动物群落营养质量的必要条件。本文通过对淡水湖分离的37株10个不同浮游植物类别的甾醇和脂肪酸组成进行分析，采用多元统计方法探讨了甾醇和脂肪酸作为化学分类标记的适宜性。我们能够在浮游植物样本中检测到总共47种脂肪酸和29种甾醇，这两种脂肪酸和甾醇在浮游植物类别之间具有统计学上的显著差异。由于藻门中脂肪酸组成的差异较大，将藻门排除在统计分析之外，分类分化增加。与脂肪酸相比，甾醇组成在类内的异质性更大，当与脂肪酸一起使用时，并不能改善浮游植物类的分离。然而，我们得出的结论是，甾醇可以提供额外的信息，在一类特定属的丰度，可以通过脂肪酸产生。例如，高C16 ω-3 PUFA（多不饱和脂肪酸）表明存在绿藻，而同时高麦角甾醇可能说明存在衣藻（绿藻）。此外，我们在不同的甲藻属中发现了特异性的4α-甲基甾醇，这表明4α-甲基甾醇可能会将淡水鞭毛藻相互分离。
The composition and abundance of phytoplankton is an important factor defining ecological status of marine and freshwater ecosystems. Chemotaxonomic markers (e.g., pigments and fatty acids) are needed for monitoring changes in a phytoplankton community and to know the nutritional quality of seston for herbivorous zooplankton. Here we investigated the suitability of sterols along with fatty acids as chemotaxonomic markers using multivariate statistics, by analyzing the sterol and fatty acid composition of 10 different phytoplankton classes including altogether 37 strains isolated from freshwater lakes. We were able to detect a total of 47 fatty acids and 29 sterols in our phytoplankton samples, which both differed statistically significantly between phytoplankton classes. Due to the high variation of fatty acid composition among Cyanophyceae, taxonomical differentiation increased when Cyanophyceae were excluded from statistical analysis. Sterol composition was more heterogeneous within class than fatty acids and did not improve separation of phytoplankton classes when used alongside fatty acids. However, we conclude that sterols can provide additional information on the abundance of specific genera within a class which can be generated by using fatty acids. For example, whereas high C16 ω-3 PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acid) indicates the presence of Chlorophyceae, a simultaneous high amount of ergosterol could specify the presence of Chlamydomonas spp. (Chlorophyceae). Additionally, we found specific 4α-methyl sterols for distinct Dinophyceae genera, suggesting that 4α-methyl sterols can potentially separate freshwater dinoflagellates from each other.