The European carbon balance. Part 2: croplands
The European carbon balance. Part 2: croplands
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02055.x
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Schulze, E. D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ciais, P.;Wattenbach, M.;Schulze, E. D.
我们估算了过去二十年欧洲 (EU-25) 农田及其组成通量的长期碳平衡 [净生物群落产量 (NBP)]。来自不同数据源的净初级生产 (NPP) 估计值在 490 至 846 gC m-2 yr-1 之间，并且主要反映了使用产量统计数据时分配和农田面积的不确定性。耕地土壤碳变化清单可能是 NBP 最可靠的信息来源，但清单缺乏对 EU-25 的全面和统一的覆盖范围。根据清单汇编，我们推断土壤碳的平均损失量为 17 g m-2 yr-1。此外，在历史气候和不断发展的农业技术的驱动下，三个基于过程的模型估计了 15 g C m-2 yr-1 的小汇或 7.6 g C m-2 yr-1 的小源。土壤碳库存数据和过程模型结果均不支持 Janssens 及其同事之前对欧洲规模 NBP 的估计，即土壤碳损失量高达 90 +/- 50 gC m-2 yr-1。测量的 NBP 和建模的 NBP 之间的差异是由未清查的侵蚀和未建模的收获残留物的燃烧造成的。当修正侵蚀通量的库存 NBP 和农业火灾损失的模拟 NBP 时，差异减小，农田 NBP 的范围分别与模型和库存的平均值分别在 -8.3 +/- 13 和 -13 +/- 33 g C m-2 yr-1 之间。平均一氧化二氮 (N2O) 通量估计在 32 至 37 g C Eq m-2 yr-1 之间，这几乎使二氧化碳损失增加了一倍。欧洲农田充当 3.3 g C Eq m-2 yr-1 的小型 CH4 汇。考虑到生态系统 CO2、N2O 和 CH4 通量，为净温室气体平衡提供了 42-47 g C Eq m-2 yr-1 的净来源。将东欧的农业集约化至与西欧相同的水平预计将导致东欧的氧化亚氮排放量增加近一倍。 N2O排放将成为欧洲农业对气候影响的主要关注点。
We estimated the long-term carbon balance [net biome production (NBP)] of European (EU-25) croplands and its component fluxes, over the last two decades. Net primary production (NPP) estimates, from different data sources ranged between 490 and 846 gC m-2 yr-1, and mostly reflect uncertainties in allocation, and in cropland area when using yield statistics. Inventories of soil C change over arable lands may be the most reliable source of information on NBP, but inventories lack full and harmonized coverage of EU-25. From a compilation of inventories we infer a mean loss of soil C amounting to 17 g m-2 yr-1. In addition, three process-based models, driven by historical climate and evolving agricultural technology, estimate a small sink of 15 g C m-2 yr-1 or a small source of 7.6 g C m-2 yr-1. Neither the soil C inventory data, nor the process model results support the previous European-scale NBP estimate by Janssens and colleagues of a large soil C loss of 90 +/- 50 gC m-2 yr-1. Discrepancy between measured and modeled NBP is caused by erosion which is not inventoried, and the burning of harvest residues which is not modeled. When correcting the inventory NBP for the erosion flux, and the modeled NBP for agricultural fire losses, the discrepancy is reduced, and cropland NBP ranges between -8.3 +/- 13 and -13 +/- 33 g C m-2 yr-1 from the mean of the models and inventories, respectively. The mean nitrous oxide (N2O) flux estimates ranges between 32 and 37 g C Eq m-2 yr-1, which nearly doubles the CO2 losses. European croplands act as small CH4 sink of 3.3 g C Eq m-2 yr-1. Considering ecosystem CO2, N2O and CH4 fluxes provides for the net greenhouse gas balance a net source of 42-47 g C Eq m-2 yr-1. Intensifying agriculture in Eastern Europe to the same level Western Europe amounts is expected to result in a near doubling of the N2O emissions in Eastern Europe. N2O emissions will then become the main source of concern for the impact of European agriculture on climate.