Regulation of spermatogenesis by small non-coding RNAs: role of the germ granule.
Regulation of spermatogenesis by small non-coding RNAs: role of the germ granule.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.04.021
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发表时间：
2014-05
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Sassone-Corsi P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
de Mateo S;Sassone-Corsi P
精子发生过程在转录和转录后水平上通过高度调控的基因表达机制来产生物种延续所需的雄性配子。已经确定小的非编码RNA途径参与生殖细胞的转录后调节过程。如动物模型所示，与精子发生密切相关的最重要的sncRNA分子属于miRNA和piRNA途径，其中特定蛋白质成分的消除显示男性不育。这些调控途径的几个要素已被发现在nuage或生殖颗粒，一个非膜质结构，可以看到在精母细胞和精子细胞。这一概念表明，胚芽颗粒可能作为组织者中心沉默途径的种系。一般而言，miRNAs通过靶向和下调特定转录物来调节精子发生，最终促进精子发育。然而，piRNA是精子发生过程中转座子元件表达的有力阻遏物。在这里，我们描述了建议的功能，miRNA和piRNAs途径在精子发生的调节中执行，并包括该领域的一些最新研究。尽管在sncRNA与精子发生相关的详细分子机制方面取得了重大进展，但在这个迷人的调控程序中还有很多东西有待发现。
The spermatogenic process relays in highly regulated gene expression mechanisms at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels to generate the male gamete that is needed for the perpetuation of the species. Small non-coding RNA pathways have been determined to participate in the post-transcriptional regulatory processes of germ cells. The most important sncRNA molecules that are critically involved in spermatogenesis belong to the miRNA and piRNAs pathways as illustrated by animal models where ablation of specific protein components displays male infertility. Several elements of these regulatory pathways have been found in the nuage or germ granule, a non-membranous cytoplasmatic structure that can be seen in spermatocytes and spermatids. This notion suggests that germ granules may act as organizer centers for silencing pathways in the germline. In general, miRNAs regulate spermatogenesis through targeting and down-regulation of specific transcripts to eventually promote sperm development. However, piRNAs are powerful repressors of transposon elements expression in the spermatogenic process. Here we describe the suggested functions that miRNA and piRNAs pathways execute in the regulation of spermatogenesis and include some recent studies in the field. Despite major strides on the detailed molecular mechanisms of sncRNAs in relation to spermatogenesis, there is plenty to discover on this fascinating regulatory program.