Tissue mechanics regulate brain development, homeostasis and disease
Tissue mechanics regulate brain development, homeostasis and disease
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DOI：
10.1242/jcs.191742
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Weaver, Valerie M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barnes, J. Matthew;Przybyla, Laralynne;Weaver, Valerie M.
所有细胞感知并整合来自环境的机械和生化信号，以协调机体发育和维持组织稳态。机械转导是一种进化上保守的过程，通过机械力转化为影响细胞分化、存活、增殖和迁移的生化信号，从而改变组织行为。毫不奇怪，如果这些机械信号异常或被细胞误解，例如，当间质压力或压缩力异常增加，或细胞外基质（ECM）异常硬化时，疾病就会发展。如果细胞调节自身收缩的能力被破坏，疾病也可能发生。一直以来，疾病状态，如心血管疾病、纤维化和癌症，都以细胞和组织力学的剧烈变化为特征，细胞和组织水平的力失调可以激活机械信号，损害组织完整性和功能，并促进疾病进展。在这篇评论中，我们讨论了细胞和组织力学对组织内稳态和疾病的影响，重点是它们在大脑发育、内稳态和神经变性以及脑癌中的作用。
All cells sense and integrate mechanical and biochemical cues from their environment to orchestrate organismal development and maintain tissue homeostasis. Mechanotransduction is the evolutionarily conserved process whereby mechanical force is translated into biochemical signals that can influence cell differentiation, survival, proliferation and migration to change tissue behavior. Not surprisingly, disease develops if these mechanical cues are abnormal or are misinterpreted by the cells - for example, when interstitial pressure or compression force aberrantly increases, or the extracellular matrix (ECM) abnormally stiffens. Disease might also develop if the ability of cells to regulate their contractility becomes corrupted. Consistently, disease states, such as cardiovascular disease, fibrosis and cancer, are characterized by dramatic changes in cell and tissue mechanics, and dysregulation of forces at the cell and tissue level can activate mechanosignaling to compromise tissue integrity and function, and promote disease progression. In this Commentary, we discuss the impact of cell and tissue mechanics on tissue homeostasis and disease, focusing on their role in brain development, homeostasis and neural degeneration, as well as in brain cancer.