Psychiatric Disorders as Vulnerability Factors for Nicotine Addiction: What Have We Learned from Animal Models?
Psychiatric Disorders as Vulnerability Factors for Nicotine Addiction: What Have We Learned from Animal Models?
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-13482-6_6
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Munafo, Marcus R.
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文献类型：
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作者：
Balfour, David J. K.;Munafo, Marcus R.
流行病学研究表明，在精神疾病患者中吸烟的流行率很高。值得注意的是，在对其他物质依赖、精神分裂症、情绪或焦虑症患者中，吸烟的流行率很高。很难理解这些现象如何与临床人群相互作用，因为在大多数研究中，尚不清楚什么先于什么。在控制良好的条件下使用实验方法可以最好地理解这些合并症。值得注意的是，动物模型代表了有利的方法，因为可以完美地控制研究中的参数。这篇综述将集中在迄今为止收集的证据，探索尼古丁的行为影响是如何在精神疾病的动物模型中被修改的。值得注意的是，我们将重点关注尼古丁诱导的与其成瘾潜力相关的行为反应。尽管精神问题和吸烟之间的临床相关性和共病频率，但很少有研究在动物中探索这个问题。现有数据表明，尼古丁的行为和强化作用在这些合并症的动物模型中增强，尽管需要更多的实验工作来提供这一领域的确定性。
Epidemiological studies indicate a high prevalence of tobacco smoking in subjects with psychiatric disorders. Notably, there is a high prevalence of smoking among those with dependence to other substances, schizophrenia, mood, or anxiety disorders. It has been difficult to understand how these phenomena interact with clinical populations as it is unclear what preceded what in most of the studies. These comorbidities may be best understood by using experimental approaches in well-controlled conditions. Notably, animal models represent advantageous approaches as the parameters under study can be controlled perfectly. This review will focus on evidence collected so far exploring how behavioral effects of nicotine are modified in animal models of psychiatric conditions. Notably, we will focus on behavioral responses induced by nicotine that are relevant for its addictive potential. Despite the clinical relevance and frequency of the comorbidity between psychiatric issues and tobacco smoking, very few studies have been done to explore this issue in animals. The available data suggest that the behavioral and reinforcing effects of nicotine are enhanced in animal models of these comorbidities, although much more experimental work would be required to provide certainty in this domain.