Working memory training and transfer in older adults: effects of age, baseline performance, and training gains.
Working memory training and transfer in older adults: effects of age, baseline performance, and training gains.
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老年人的工作记忆训练和转移：年龄、基线表现和训练收益的影响
DOI：
10.1037/a0032982
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Kliegel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zeintl;Putzmann;Kliegel
最近的研究表明，工作记忆训练可能会使老年人受益;然而，关于训练和迁移效果的研究结果喜忧参半。本研究旨在调查基于过程的培训干预在不同样本的老年人的影响，并探讨可能的调节训练和转移效果。为此，80名老年人（65-95岁）被分配到一个训练组，在3周内进行9次视觉空间，言语和执行工作记忆任务，或控制组。在培训期间之前和之后，以及在9个月的随访中，对所有参与者的培训和转移任务的表现进行了评估。分析显示，在所有3个训练任务中，训练参与者相对于对照组的训练效果显著，以及近转移到口头工作记忆任务和远转移到流体智力任务。令人鼓舞的是，在9个月的随访中，所有的训练效果和对言语工作记忆的转移效果都是稳定的。进一步的分析表明，训练收益预测的基线表现在训练任务和（在较小程度上）的年龄。转移任务的收益预测的年龄和培训任务的改善量。这些研究结果表明，认知可塑性是保存在一个大范围的老年，即使是一个相当短的训练制度，可以导致（部分特定的）培训和转让的影响。然而，基线表现，年龄和训练增益适度的可塑性。
Recent studies suggest that working memory training may benefit older adults; however, findings regarding training and transfer effects are mixed. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of a process-based training intervention in a diverse sample of older adults and explored possible moderators of training and transfer effects. For that purpose, 80 older adults (65–95 years) were assigned either to a training group that worked on visuospatial, verbal, and executive working memory tasks for 9 sessions over 3 weeks or to a control group. Performance on trained and transfer tasks was assessed in all participants before and after the training period, as well as at a 9-month follow-up. Analyses revealed significant training effects in all 3 training tasks in trained participants relative to controls, as well as near transfer to a verbal working memory task and far transfer to a fluid intelligence task. Encouragingly, all training effects and the transfer effect to verbal working memory were stable at the 9-month follow-up session. Further analyses revealed that training gains were predicted by baseline performance in training tasks and (to a lesser degree) by age. Gains in transfer tasks were predicted by age and by the amount of improvement in the trained tasks. These findings suggest that cognitive plasticity is preserved over a large range of old age and that even a rather short training regime can lead to (partly specific) training and transfer effects. However, baseline performance, age, and training gains moderate the amount of plasticity.