Reasons for Returning and Not Returning to Rural U.S. Communities
Reasons for Returning and Not Returning to Rural U.S. Communities
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返回和不返回美国农村社区的原因
DOI：
10.1080/00330124.2012.725373
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ryan O. Arthun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. von Reichert;J. Cromartie;Ryan O. Arthun
在美国的非大都市地区，人口流失持续存在，特别是在自然条件有限的孤立县。这些县的社区经历了高中毕业生中高水平的向外移民，但低移民在区分下降和增长的非大都市县方面更为重要，而返回移民是这些位置不利地区的移民中更为突出的组成部分。这项研究使用多点，基于访谈的方法来了解影响20多岁到40多岁的人决定搬回农村社区的因素，以及阻止其他人做出这样的举动的障碍。这里所考虑的生命历程部分抓住了一个关键的“安定”时期，在这一时期，事业和家庭义务重叠，返回移徙达到高峰。高中同学会是滞留者、返乡者和非返乡者聚集在一起的唯一场所，对这些同学会的采访表明，农村就业机会有限是非返乡者的障碍。其他打算返回的人设法获得或创造就业机会，但主要是受家庭问题的影响而搬回家。与社区更大的社会和物质环境的联系也很重要。访谈证实，影响移徙决定的因素相互结合，与人和地点的联系对于理解农村回返移徙至关重要。
Population loss persists in nonmetropolitan America, especially in isolated counties with limited natural amenities. Communities in these counties experience high levels of outmigration among high school graduates, but low in-migration is more important in distinguishing declining from growing nonmetropolitan counties, and return migration is a much more prominent component of in-migration to these locationally disadvantaged areas. This research uses a multisited, interview-based methodology to understand the factors that influence decisions of people in their late twenties to late forties to move back to rural communities and the barriers that keep others from making such moves. The life course segment considered here captures a critical “settling down” period when career and family obligations overlap and return migration peaks. Interviews at high school reunions, the only venues where stayers, return migrants, and nonreturn migrants are found together, show that limited rural employment opportunities are barriers for nonreturnees. Others intent on returning find ways to secure or create employment but are primarily influenced to move home by family concerns. Connections to the larger social and physical environment of the community are important as well. Interviews affirm that factors affecting migration decisions work in combination, and ties to both people and place are critical for understanding rural return migration.