Sustained Space Complexity
Sustained Space Complexity
复制标题
持续的空间复杂性
DOI:
10.1007/978-3-319-78375-8_4
复制
发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Pietrzak, Krzysztof
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Alwen, Joël;Blocki, Jeremiah;Pietrzak, Krzysztof
Memory-hard functions (MHF) are functions whose evaluation cost is dominated by memory cost. MHFs are egalitarian, in the sense that evaluating them on dedicated hardware (like FPGAs or ASICs) is not much cheaper than on off-the-shelf hardware (like x86 CPUs). MHFs have interesting cryptographic applications, most notably to password hashing and securing blockchains.Alwen and Serbinenko [STOC’15] define the cumulative memory complexity (cmc) of a function as the sum (over all time-steps) of the amount of memory required to compute the function. They advocate that a good MHF must have high cmc. Unlike previous notions, cmc takes into account that dedicated hardware might exploit amortization and parallelism. Still, cmc has been critizised as insufficient, as it fails to capture possible time-memory trade-offs; as memory cost doesn’t scale linearly, functions with the same cmc could still have very different actual hardware cost.In this work we address this problem, and introduce the notion of sustained-memory complexity, which requires that any algorithm evaluating the function must use a large amount of memory for many steps. We construct functions (in the parallel random oracle model) whose sustained-memory complexity is almost optimal: our function can be evaluated usingnsteps andmemory, in each step making one query to the (fixed-input length) random oracle, while any algorithm that can make arbitrary many parallel queries to the random oracle, still needsmemory forsteps.As has been done for various notions (including cmc) before, we reduce the task of constructing an MHFs with high sustained-memory complexity to proving pebbling lower bounds on DAGs. Our main technical contribution is the construction is a family of DAGs onnnodes with constant indegree with high “sustained-space complexity”, meaning that any parallel black-pebbling strategy requirespebbles for at leaststeps.Along the way we construct a family of maximally “depth-robust” DAGs with maximum indegree, improving upon the construction of Mahmoody et al. [ITCS’13] which had maximum indegree.
登录
查看更多内容
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2017
期刊:
Theory of Cryptography Conference
影响因子:
--
作者:
J. Alwen;Björn Tackmann
通讯作者:
Björn Tackmann
DOI:
10.4230/lipics.itcs.2017.38
发表时间:
2017
期刊:
IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.
影响因子:
--
作者:
J. Alwen;Susanna F. de Rezende;Jakob Nordström;Marc Vinyals
通讯作者:
Marc Vinyals
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2017
期刊:
Theory of Cryptography Conference
影响因子:
--
作者:
Ling Ren;S. Devadas
通讯作者:
S. Devadas
DOI:
--
发表时间:
1973
期刊:
Journal of computer and system sciences (Print)
影响因子:
--
作者:
S. Cook
通讯作者:
S. Cook
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2016
期刊:
Annual International Cryptology Conference
影响因子:
--
作者:
J. Alwen;Jeremiah Blocki
通讯作者:
Jeremiah Blocki