Ancient origin of the modern deep-sea fauna.
Ancient origin of the modern deep-sea fauna.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0046913
复制
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Stöhr S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thuy B;Gale AS;Kroh A;Kucera M;Numberger-Thuy LD;Reich M;Stöhr S
自世纪中期深海研究开始以来，关于种类繁多的现代深海动物群的起源和可能的古老性一直存在争议。最近的假说，根据海洋地理模式和分子钟估计，支持最新的中生代或新生代早期的起源日期的关键群体，目前的深海动物群（海胆，章鱼）。这个相对年轻的年龄是一致的假设，认为广泛的灭绝在侏罗纪和白垩纪的海洋缺氧事件（OAE）和中新生代冷却的深水群众，这意味着重复的再殖民化的类群从浅水栖息地的移民。在这里，我们报告了一个保存完好的棘皮动物组合从深海（1000-1500米古深度）沉积物的东北大西洋早白垩世（114马）。该组合是惊人的相似，现存的半深海棘皮动物群落的组成，包括家庭和属只发现在现代深海栖息地。在组合中发现的一些分类群没有化石记录在货架深度postdating组合，这排除了从浅栖息地的可能性，至少对这些群体的情节灭绝后的深海dronionization。我们的发现提供了第一个关键的化石证据，证明现代深海动物群的一个重要部分比以前假设的要古老得多。因此，大多数重大的古海洋学事件对深海动物群多样性的影响远不如人们所认为的那样大。它还表明，深海生物群比浅水生物群更能适应灭绝事件，而且不寻常的深海环境确实提供了在宏观进化时间尺度上很少间断的进化稳定性。
The origin and possible antiquity of the spectacularly diverse modern deep-sea fauna has been debated since the beginning of deep-sea research in the mid-nineteenth century. Recent hypotheses, based on biogeographic patterns and molecular clock estimates, support a latest Mesozoic or early Cenozoic date for the origin of key groups of the present deep-sea fauna (echinoids, octopods). This relatively young age is consistent with hypotheses that argue for extensive extinction during Jurassic and Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs) and the mid-Cenozoic cooling of deep-water masses, implying repeated re-colonization by immigration of taxa from shallow-water habitats. Here we report on a well-preserved echinoderm assemblage from deep-sea (1000–1500 m paleodepth) sediments of the NE-Atlantic of Early Cretaceous age (114 Ma). The assemblage is strikingly similar to that of extant bathyal echinoderm communities in composition, including families and genera found exclusively in modern deep-sea habitats. A number of taxa found in the assemblage have no fossil record at shelf depths postdating the assemblage, which precludes the possibility of deep-sea recolonization from shallow habitats following episodic extinction at least for those groups. Our discovery provides the first key fossil evidence that a significant part of the modern deep-sea fauna is considerably older than previously assumed. As a consequence, most major paleoceanographic events had far less impact on the diversity of deep-sea faunas than has been implied. It also suggests that deep-sea biota are more resilient to extinction events than shallow-water forms, and that the unusual deep-sea environment, indeed, provides evolutionary stability which is very rarely punctuated on macroevolutionary time scales.