Peptide-based supramolecular vaccine systems.
Peptide-based supramolecular vaccine systems.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.actbio.2021.05.003
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发表时间：
2021-10-01
影响因子：
9.7
通讯作者：
Rudra JS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O'Neill CL;Shrimali PC;Clapacs ZE;Files MA;Rudra JS
目前已获批的具有复制能力的疫苗和灭活疫苗受到过度反应原性和不良安全性特征的限制，而亚单位疫苗在不同时使用外源性佐剂的情况下往往免疫原性不足。自组装肽类、拟肽类和蛋白质类生物材料凭借其固有的模块性、多价性和生物相容性，为克服这些挑战提供了一种途径。由于这些支架源自生物且呈现出类似天然病毒的抗原阵列，它们易于被免疫识别，并且具有独特的能力，可作为自身佐剂性疫苗递送载体，改善体液和细胞免疫反应。除了这种内在的免疫学优势外，丰富多样的可用氨基酸使得能够轻松地从头设计或对现有序列进行直接修饰。这使得针对特定疾病模型定制疫苗和免疫疗法成为可能，也使得可推广的平台得以开发，这些平台已成功应用于预防或治疗多种传染性和非传染性疾病。在本综述中，我们简要介绍免疫系统，讨论卷曲螺旋、β -折叠、肽两亲物和蛋白质亚单位纳米颗粒的结构决定因素，并通过其固有和适应性免疫调节能力的显著实例来强调这些材料的实用性。
Currently approved replication-competent and inactivated vaccines are limited by excessive reactogenicity and poor safety profiles, while subunit vaccines are often insufficiently immunogenic without co-administering exogenous adjuvants. Self-assembling peptide-, peptidomimetic-, and protein-based biomaterials offer a means to overcome these challenges through their inherent modularity, multivalency, and biocompatibility. As these scaffolds are biologically derived and present antigenic arrays reminiscent of natural viruses, they are prone to immune recognition and are uniquely capable of functioning as self-adjuvanting vaccine delivery vehicles that improve humoral and cellular responses. Beyond this intrinsic immunological advantage, the wide range of available amino acids allows for facile de novo design or straightforward modifications to existing sequences. This has permitted the development of vaccines and immunotherapies tailored to specific disease models, as well as generalizable platforms that have been successfully applied to prevent or treat numerous infectious and non-infectious diseases. In this review, we briefly introduce the immune system, discuss the structural determinants of coiled coils, β-sheets, peptide amphiphiles, and protein subunit nanoparticles, and highlight the utility of these materials using notable examples of their innate and adaptive immunomodulatory capacity.
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