OP24 Are Fast Food Outlets Concentrated in more Deprived Areas? A Geo-Statistical Analysis of an Urban Area in Central England
OP24 Are Fast Food Outlets Concentrated in more Deprived Areas? A Geo-Statistical Analysis of an Urban Area in Central England
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OP24 英格兰中部城市地区的地理统计分析：快餐店是否集中在贫困地区？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
J. Middleton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Rudge;N. Suglani;P. Saunders;J. Middleton
背景“致肥胖环境”的概念是1997年首次使用的一个术语，已被纳入公共卫生和健康地理学研究。研究表明，英国贫困人口不仅无法获得负担得起的健康食品来源，而且他们似乎更容易接触到提供廉价，高能量食品的外卖店。然而，衡量社会经济因素与食品地理之间的关系在方法上是复杂的。这项观察性研究有两个目的。首先，描述的可用性预先准备好的热食品在一个大的城市人口，参考步行时间的地理，其次，探索获得外卖店和邻里剥夺之间的关联。方法使用地理信息系统（GIS）软件，我们测量了从大量的随机生成的点（n = 3803）在英格兰中部的两个地方当局的住宅区的快餐店。建立了两个回归模型。一个模型的剥夺和步行距离最近的出口之间的关系，另一个模型的剥夺和出口的数量在640米的“短步行”之间的关系。对相互作用、道路连通性和人口密度进行了调整。结果在调整其他变量后，我们发现剥夺和快餐可及性之间存在统计学显著相关（p < 0.001）。较贫困社区的点更靠近插座，并且在短步行距离内的插座密度更大。然而，效果大小是适度的。调整其他变量后，我们的模型预测，与第25百分位数的剥夺点相比，第75百分位数的剥夺点距离最近的出口大约两分钟（467米，lcl = 455米，ucl = 480米，与603米相比，lcl = 588米，ucl = 618米）。在密度分析中，我们的模型预测，在640米的步行中，在第25百分位数处（0.84，lcl = 0.78，ucl = 0.91）的剥夺中，将有少于一个出口，并且在第75百分位数处（1.41，lcl = 1.34，ucl = 1.48）的相同半径中至少有一个出口。许多地方政府，包括本研究中的地方政府，都有限制外卖店增长的政策，特别是在学校附近。然而，我们的结论是，现有的食品景观已经有了丰富的渠道，所有贫困和贫困程度较低的社区都有大量的选择和方便的获取。这就提出了一个问题，即规划法在改变食品环境方面的有效性如何。
Background The concept of an ‘obesogenic environment’ a term first used in 1997 has become embedded in Public Health and health geography research. Research suggests that deprived populations in Britain not only have worse access to sources of affordable, healthy foodstuffs, but they also appear to be more exposed to take-away outlets offering cheap, energy-dense food. However measuring the relationship between socio-economic factors and food geography is methodologically complex. This observational study has two aims. Firstly, to describe the availability of pre-prepared hot food in a large urban population, with reference to walk-time geography and secondly, to explore the association between access to take-away outlets and neighbourhood deprivation. Methods Using Geographical Information System (GIS) software, we measured access to fast food outlets from a large number of randomly generated points (n = 3803) in residential areas of two Local Authorities in central England. Two regression models were built. One modelled the relationship between deprivation and walking distance to the nearest outlet and the other modelled the relationship between deprivation and the number of outlets within a 640 metre ‘short walk’. Adjustments were made for interactions, road connectivity and population density. Results After adjustment for other variables, we found a statistically significant association (p < 0.001) between deprivation and fast food accessibility. Points in poorer neighbourhoods were closer to an outlet and had a greater density of outlets within a short walking distance. The effect size was modest however. Adjusting for other variables, our model predicted points at the 75th centile of deprivation were about two minutes closer to the nearest outlet by foot, compared to points at the 25th centile of deprivation (467 m, lcl = 455m, ucl = 480 m compared to 603 m, lcl = 588 m, ucl = 618 m). In the density analysis, our model predicts that there will be fewer than one outlet in a 640 metre walk where deprivation is at the 25th centile (0.84, lcl = 0.78, ucl = 0.91) and at least one in the same radius at the 75th centile (1.41, lcl = 1.34, ucl = 1.48). Conclusion Many Local Authorities, including those in this study, have policies to restrict the growth of take-away outlets, especially near to schools. However we concluded that the existing food landscape already has an abundance of outlets and all neighbourhoods both deprived and less deprived have a large choice and ready access. This calls into question how effective planning laws will be in modifying the food environment.