Brain Basis of Phonological Awareness for Spoken Language in Children and Its Disruption in Dyslexia
Brain Basis of Phonological Awareness for Spoken Language in Children and Its Disruption in Dyslexia
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DOI：
10.1093/cercor/bhr094
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发表时间：
2012-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Gabrieli, John D. E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kovelman, Ioulia;Norton, Elizabeth S.;Gabrieli, John D. E.
语音意识，即语音是由音节和音素组成的知识，对学习阅读至关重要。语音意识先于并预示着从语言到识字的成功过渡，语音意识的薄弱是导致阅读障碍的主要原因，但儿童口语语音意识的大脑基础尚不清楚。我们使用功能性磁共振成像来识别语音意识的神经关联，在典型的读者或有阅读障碍的儿童（7-13岁）和一组更小的幼儿园儿童（5-6岁）中使用听觉单词押韵任务。正常发育的儿童，而非患有阅读障碍的儿童，在做出明确的语音判断时，会动用左背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）。在语音意识的标准化测试中，幼儿园的孩子与有阅读障碍的大孩子相匹配，他们也招募了左DLPFC。左DLPFC可能在口语语音意识的发展中发挥关键作用，这对阅读和阅读障碍的病因至关重要。
Phonological awareness, knowledge that speech is composed of syllables and phonemes, is critical for learning to read. Phonological awareness precedes and predicts successful transition from language to literacy, and weakness in phonological awareness is a leading cause of dyslexia, but the brain basis of phonological awareness for spoken language in children is unknown. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to identify the neural correlates of phonological awareness using an auditory word-rhyming task in children who were typical readers or who had dyslexia (ages 7-13) and a younger group of kindergarteners (ages 5-6). Typically developing children, but not children with dyslexia, recruited left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) when making explicit phonological judgments. Kindergarteners, who were matched to the older children with dyslexia on standardized tests of phonological awareness, also recruited left DLPFC. Left DLPFC may play a critical role in the development of phonological awareness for spoken language critical for reading and in the etiology of dyslexia.