Tokyo Olympic Games and Removal of Migrants
Tokyo Olympic Games and Removal of Migrants
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东京奥运会与移民驱逐
DOI：
10.1080/18692729.2023.2168838
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Toake Endoh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Okamura;Lila;上野達弘;林嶺那・深谷健・箕輪允智・中嶋茂雄・梶原静香;毎熊浩一;小野 一;上野達弘;松尾隆佑;嶋田暁文;上野達弘;嶋田暁文;小野 一;上野達弘;小野 一;金井利之;上野達弘;岡村 りら;Takayuki Sakamoto;金井利之;小野 一;礒崎敦仁;Reona Hayashi;Takayuki Sakamoto;礒崎敦仁;上野 達弘;溝口修平;Toake Endoh
根据法律，移民，包括寻求庇护者，在日本逗留或活动未经许可，将被驱逐出境。拒绝离开可能导致在无情的强制拘留规则下的无限期拘留。自上世纪90年代以来，（隶属司法部的）移民当局已经驱逐了它认为“对国家不利”的100多万人，并在其17个设施中每年拘留1000多人。（为了防止COVID-19的传播，暂时释放了相当数量的人。）随着国家开放边境和“违法者”数量的增加，移民当局一直在展示其限制力量。东京在2013年赢得了2020年奥运会/残奥会的主办权，这只会鼓励这个国家的看门人采取更多限制措施。2016年，法务省移民管制局（IB，即今天的移民服务局）局长发布了一项内部命令，“积极有效地驱逐给日本带来焦虑的外国人，如‘非法滞留者’。”2018年，官僚机构加强了对不临时释放的拘留政策。被驱逐出境的人数从2014年的10676人增加到2016年的13361人，2019年增加到19389人，同期被拘留者人数和长期被拘留者（六个月或更长时间）的比例也有所增加。执法力度的加强可能加剧了自1990年代以来该系统已经存在的压力，包括遣返难民、家庭分离、被拘留者与拘留人员之间的紧张关系、被拘留者抗议、被拘留者死亡以及对移民当局的诉讼。
By law, migrants, including asylum seekers, whose stay or activity in Japan is unauthorized, are subject to deportation. Refusal to leave may result in indefinite detention under an unforgiving rule of mandatory detention. Since the 1990s, the immigration authority (within the Ministry of Justice) has deported more than a million it found “unfavorable to the nation” and detains over a thousand per year in its 17 facilities.(To prevent the spread of COVID-19, a significant number have been released temporarily.) The immigration authority has been flexing its restrictive muscles as the nation opens its borders and the number of “law breakers” increases. Tokyo’s winning bid in 2013 to host the 2020 Olympic/Paralympic Games only encouraged the nation’s gatekeeper toward more restriction.In 2016, the head of the Immigration Control Bureau (IB, today’s Immigration Services Agency) of the Ministry of Justice issued an internal order to “actively and effectively remove foreigners, like ‘illegal stayers,’who give anxiety to Japan.” The bureaucracy hardened its policy on detention without temporary release in 2018. The number of deportees rose, from 10,676 in 2014 to 13,361 in 2016, and to 19,389 in 2019, as did the number of detainees and the proportion of longer-term ones (six months or more) over the same period. Toughened enforcement may have compounded strains already present in the system since the 1990s, including the refoulement of refugees, family separations, tensions between detainees and detention staff, detainee protests, detainee deaths, and lawsuits against the immigration authority.