An Ohio State Scenic River Shows Elevated Antibiotic Resistance Genes, Including Acinetobacter Tetracycline and Macrolide Resistance, Downstream of Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent
An Ohio State Scenic River Shows Elevated Antibiotic Resistance Genes, Including Acinetobacter Tetracycline and Macrolide Resistance, Downstream of Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent
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DOI：
10.1101/2021.04.26.441562
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发表时间：
2021-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
April Murphy;Daniel Barich;S. Fennessy;J. Slonczewski
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
April Murphy;Daniel Barich;S. Fennessy;J. Slonczewski
大型城市污水处理厂已记录抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 进入水生系统，但对位于农村小河流的小型工厂的影响的研究较少。我们从科科辛河（Kokosing River）中采样了水宏基因组的 ARG 和类群组成。科科辛河是俄亥俄州诺克斯县的一条乡村小河流，因保留自然特征而被指定为俄亥俄州风景河流。样本取自弗农山污水处理厂 (WWTP) 污水排放上游 1.0 km、下游 120 m 和下游 6.4 km。使用来自针对 UniPROT 筛选的 CARD 数据库的 ShortBRED 标记在宏基因组中鉴定了 ARGS。在所有季节中，污水处理厂废水下游的宏基因组显示至少 15 种不同的 ARG 显着升高，其中包括 6 种通常与鲍曼不动杆菌相关的 ARG，例如 msrE、mphE（大环内酯耐药性）和 tet(39)（四环素耐药性）。污水管道附近最普遍的 ARG 持续存在于下游 6.4 公里处。使用 MetaPhlAn2 进化枝特异性标记基因，废水附近的分类群分布显示注释为不动杆菌属物种以及肠道相关分类群、拟杆菌属和厚壁菌门的读数增加。 ARG 水平和分类群流行率几乎不依赖于废水的季节性氯化。污水管附近的氮和磷含量升高，但与 ARG 水平没有一致的相关性。我们发现，在农村河流微生物群中，全年废水排放显着提高了 ARG，包括与多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌相关的 ARG。重要性 抗生素耐药性是世界范围内日益严重的问题，病原体和环境生物之间频繁传播。农村河流可以支持人们的高水平娱乐用途，而人们不知道处理过的废水的输入，而污水处理厂可以产生一小部分但很重要的流量进入被森林和农业包围的河流。关于污水处理厂废水对抗生素抗性基因的传递和运输对农村地区影响的信息很少。在我们的研究中，废水排放附近的河水显示了多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌涌入的证据，鲍曼不动杆菌是医院关注的机会性病原体，但在自然环境中也广泛存在。我们的工作强调了废水排放在环境抗生素耐药性管理中的重要性，即使是在高质量的农村河流系统中也是如此。
The entry of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) into aquatic systems has been documented for large municipal wastewater treatment plants, but there is less study of the impact of smaller plants that are situated on small rural rivers. We sampled water metagenomes for ARG and taxa composition from the Kokosing River, a small rural river in Knox County, Ohio, which has been designated an Ohio State Scenic River for retention of natural character. Samples were obtained 1.0 km upstream, 120 m downstream, and 6.4 km downstream from the effluent release of the Mount Vernon wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). ARGS were identified in metagenomes using ShortBRED markers from the CARD database screened against UniPROT. Through all seasons, the metagenome just downstream of the WWTP effluent showed a substantial elevation of at least 15 different ARGs, including 6 ARGs commonly associated with Acinetobacter baumannii such as msrE, mphE (macrolide resistance) and tet(39) (tetracycline resistance). The ARGs most prevalent near the effluent pipe persisted 6.4 km downriver. Using MetaPhlAn2 clade-specific marker genes, the taxa distribution near the effluent showed elevation of reads annotated as Acinetobacter species as well as gut-associated taxa, Bacteroides and Firmicutes. The ARG levels and taxa prevalence showed little dependence on seasonal chlorination of the effluent. Nitrogen and phosphorus were elevated near the effluent pipe but had no consistent correlation with ARG levels. We show that in a rural river microbiome, year-round wastewater effluent substantially elevates ARGs including those associated with multidrug-resistant A. baumanii. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem worldwide, with frequent transmission between pathogens and environmental organisms. Rural rivers can support high levels of recreational use by people unaware of inputs from treated wastewater, while WWTPs can generate a small but significant portion of flow volume into a river surrounded by forest and agriculture. There is little information on the rural impacts of WWTP effluent on the delivery and transport of antibiotic resistance genes. In our study, the river water proximal to wastewater effluent shows evidence for the influx of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumanii, an opportunistic pathogen of concern for hospitals but also widespread in natural environments. Our work highlights the importance of wastewater effluent in management of environmental antibiotic resistance, even in high quality, rural river systems.