Pod shatter resistance evaluation in cultivars and breeding lines of Brassica napus, B-juncea and Sinapis alba
Pod shatter resistance evaluation in cultivars and breeding lines of Brassica napus, B-juncea and Sinapis alba
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1439-0523.2007.01382.x
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发表时间：
2007-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Rakow, G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang, R.;Ripley, V. L.;Rakow, G.
研究了甘蓝型油菜种质以及芥菜和白芥子的抗破碎物种的荚果破碎敏感性。通过测量田间种子产量、分离荚破裂能 (RE) 和荚果打开的半衰期来进行比较。与普通甘蓝型油菜品种相比，由白菜型油菜、鸡肋型油菜和芥菜种间杂交衍生的甘蓝型油菜品系的荚果破碎抗性明显更高。虽然这些品系在抗破荚能力方面与芥菜没有显着差异，但白芥子的进入没有因破荚而造成的产量损失。抗落荚果的田间特征是完全成熟后产量损失很少或没有，落粒时间延迟，并且在荚果成熟期间在不同的气候条件下产量表现稳定。对于芥菜品种来说，豆荚破碎造成的产量损失低至 4%。在 1 个月成熟后的 2 年田间试验中，黑种甘蓝型油菜品系 DH12075 的“ACVulcan”高达 61%。在测试材料中，除了荚果长度（P = 0.005）外，荚果抗碎性与特定植物和荚果形态特征没有显着相关。通过检查小区内每株植物的平均荚果破碎情况获得的荚果破碎现场视觉评分与小区产量损失高度相关。使用摆锤机测量荚果抗性和随机冲击试验测量荚果打开阻力半衰期对荚果强度进行室内定量评估与田间产量损失高度相关。建议在豆荚成熟后对豆荚破碎的方法和时间进行多重评估，以可靠地评估豆荚的抗破碎性。
Pod shatter susceptibility was investigated in Brassica napus germ-plasm and shatter resistant species of B. juncea and Sinapis alba. The comparisons were made by measuring seed yield in field plots, detached pod rupture energy (RE) and the half-life of pod-opening. Pod shatter resistance was significantly greater in B. napus lines derived from interspecific hybridizations of B. napus with B. rapa, B. carinata and B. juncea, than common B. napus cultivars. While these lines exhibited no significant difference in resistance to pod shatter than B. juncea, an entry of S. alba had no yield loss caused by pod shatter. Resistance to pod shatter was characterized in the field as little or no yield loss after full maturity, delayed shattering in time, and stable yield performance under variable climatic conditions during pod maturity. Yield loss caused by pod shatter ranged from a low of 4% for the B. juncea cv. 'ACVulcan' to a high of 61% for the black seeded B. napus line DH12075 in 2-year field trials after 1 month maturity. Pod shatter resistance was not significantly associated with specific plant and pod morphological traits, except pod length (P = 0.005) in tested materials. Field visual scores of pod shatter through inspections of average pod shatter per plant within plots were highly correlated with plot yield loss. Indoor quantitative evaluations of pod strength using a pendulum machine to measure pod RE and random impact test to measure half-life of pod-opening resistance were highly correlated with field yield loss. Multiple evaluations of pod shatter in method and in time after pod maturity are recommended for reliable evaluation of pod shatter resistance.