MODELING ENVIRONMENTAL HETEROGENEITY IN FORESTED LANDSCAPES
MODELING ENVIRONMENTAL HETEROGENEITY IN FORESTED LANDSCAPES
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DOI：
10.1016/0022-1694(93)90133-t
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发表时间：
1993-10-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
WILLIAMS, JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MOORE, ID;NORTON, TW;WILLIAMS, JE
本文介绍了在地形复杂的森林集水区中估计辐射、热力和水文状况的空间分布的模型。这些模型使用基于网格的数字高程模型（DEM）作为主要输入数据的地形属性。这些模型是基于简化表示的基本物理过程，但包括调节系统行为的关键因素。它们代表了将模式与过程联系起来的一种尝试。SRAD模型是估算全球短波辐射、净长波辐射、净辐射以及最高、最低和平均温度空间分布的一种近似方法，并考虑到地形阴影的影响。模型WET估计空间分布的土壤含水量和蒸散量和集水径流。SRAD和WET被应用到一个21.65平方公里的森林面积内的Brindabella范围在澳大利亚东南部，以说明该方法的潜在应用。为该地区建立了一个20米x20米的网格数字高程模型。计算的辐射通量与在堪培拉进行的测量结果一致。计算出的平均年径流转换效率为18.6%，这与位于研究区附近的97.5公顷集水区在11年内测得的年径流转换效率17.6%相比，相当不错。研究区域包括五个主要的亚高山森林类型，以及一个小面积的外来物种。计算的通量被用来表征这些森林类型的细尺度环境异质性和环境域。最冷月（7月）平均最低气温和年净辐射是区分少花桉、疏花桉和疏花桉的两个环境变量。fastigata和E.委托）调查。
Models for estimating the spatial distribution of radiation, thermal and hydrologic regimes in topographically complex forested catchments are presented. These models use topographic attributes derived from a grid-based digital elevation model (DEM) as the primary input data. The models are based on simplified representations of the underlying physics of the processes, but include the key factors that modulate system behaviour. They represent an attempt to relate pattern to process. Model SRAD is an approximate method for estimating the spatial distribution of global short-wave radiation, net long-wave radiation, net radiation and maximum, minimum and average temperature, and accounts for the effects of topographic shading. Model WET estimates spatially distributed soil water content and evapotranspiration and catchment runoff. SRAD and WET were applied to a 21.65 km2 forested area within the Brindabella Range in south-eastern Australia to illustrate the potential applications of the approach. A 20 m x 20 m grid DEM was developed for the area. The computed radiation fluxes are consistent with measurements made at Canberra. The computed average annual runoff conversion efficiency was 18.6%, which compares reasonably well with the annual runoff conversion efficiency of 17.6% measured over an 11 year period on a 97.5 ha catchment located near the study area. The study area contains five main sub-alpine forest types, as well as a small area of exotics. The computed fluxes were used to characterize the fine-scale environmental heterogeneity and environmental domains of these forest types. Average minimum temperature in the coldest month (July) and annual net radiation were two environmental variables differentiating the occurrence of the three eucalypt species (Eucalyptus pauciflora, E. fastigata and E. delegatensis) investigated.