P-systems and X-machines Papers dedicated to Mike Holcombe on the occasion of his 65th birthday
P-systems and X-machines Papers dedicated to Mike Holcombe on the occasion of his 65th birthday
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P 系统和 X 机器 在 Mike Holcombe 65 岁生日之际献给他的论文
DOI：
10.1007/s11047-009-9110-7
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Gheorghe M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gheorghe M
许多计算范例受到生物系统中存在的多方面复杂现象的启发或用于建模。其中最新和最成功的范例之一，称为膜计算或P系统(Paun 2002)，是一个活跃的研究领域，对各种学科产生了重大影响。事实上，P系统研究是一个快速增长的领域--2003年，汤普森科学信息研究所(Thompson Institute For Science Information)将最初的论文描述为“快速突破”，并将该领域描述为“计算机科学的新兴研究前沿”。顾名思义，膜计算系统正式捕获了细胞、组织和其他更复杂的生物体中存在的各种机制。在更基本的P系统模型中，通常存在于细胞内的代谢物、营养物质和其他更复杂的(宏观)分子分别被编码为多个简单对象或复杂字符串。不同的化学相互作用，如转录、翻译以及各种酶和降解过程，反过来又由重写规则来表示，这些规则对这些不同类型的多组对象起作用。此外，该装置，如它在真核细胞中出现的那样，可以通过嵌套室的明确结构来分级组织。在其他情况下，膜被组织成隔室的网络，其方式类似于在各种生物组织中发现的那样，在各种生物组织中，细胞被定位在定义明确的“基质”结构中。更复杂的实体，如细菌群体或群居昆虫，如蚂蚁、蜜蜂等，由通信、移动的动态结构实体表示
A number of computational paradigms have been inspired by or used for modelling the multifaceted complex phenomena present in biological systems. One of the most recent and successful of these paradigms, called membrane computing or P systems (Paun 2002), is a vigorous research field with a significant impact on a variety of disciplines. Indeed, P systems research is a fast growing field—in 2003 the Thompson Institute for Scientific Information characterised the initial paper as ‘‘fast breaking’’and the domain as ‘‘emergent research front in computer science’’. As the name suggests, a membrane computing system formally captures various mechanisms present in cells, tissues and other more complex organisms. P systems, through complexity and formal language theory constructs, provide a general framework to build up and study nature inspired computational models.In the more basic P system models metabolites, nutrients and other more complex (macro) molecules, which are normally found inside a cell, are encoded as multisets of simple objects or complex strings, respectively. Different chemical interactions, like transcription, translation and various enzymatic and degradation processes are, in turn, represented by rewriting rules that operate on these multisets of objects of different types. Moreover, the device, as it occurs for example in Eukaryotic cells, can be hierarchically organized by means of a well-defined structure of nested compartments. In other cases, the membranes are organised as a network of compartments in a similar fashion to what is found in a variety of biological tissues in which cells are positioned in a well-defined ‘‘matrix’’structure. More complex entities, like bacterium colonies or social insects such as ants, bees, etc., are represented by dynamic structure entities that communicate, move