Ecological traits affect the sensitivity of bees to land-use pressures in European agricultural landscapes.
Ecological traits affect the sensitivity of bees to land-use pressures in European agricultural landscapes.
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.12524
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发表时间：
2015-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Purvis A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
De Palma A;Kuhlmann M;Roberts SP;Potts SG;Börger L;Hudson LN;Lysenko I;Newbold T;Purvis A
蜜蜂是一个功能重要且具有经济价值的群体，但受到土地使用转换和集约化的威胁。预计这种压力不会对所有物种产生相同的影响;相反，它们可能受到物种生态特征的影响。了解哪种类型的物种在哪种土地利用下最脆弱是有效保护规划的重要一步。我们整理了来自30篇已发表论文（70056条记录）中报告的调查的1584个欧洲站点的257种蜜蜂的发生和丰度数据，并将其与物种水平的生态特征数据相结合。我们使用混合效应模型来评估土地利用（土地利用类别，农业利用强度和植被的遥感测量），性状和性状×土地利用相互作用的重要性，以解释物种的发生和丰度。物种对土地利用的敏感性受飞行季节持续时间和觅食范围的影响最大，但也受生态位宽度、生殖策略和物候的影响，农田、牧区和城市生境的影响不同。 合成与应用。如果保护行动的重点是缓解物种特征与土地利用压力强烈且负面相互作用的情况，而不是针对特定物种或环境，那么保护行动可能会更有效。我们发现证据表明，低强度农业可以维持相对多样化的蜜蜂群落;在更密集的环境中，增加花卉资源可能是有益的，但需要仔细放置较小蜜蜂物种的觅食范围。然而，保护半自然栖息地至关重要;特别是，向城市环境的转变可能会对蜜蜂多样性和授粉服务产生严重影响。我们的研究结果强调了探索生态特征如何介导物种对人类影响的反应的重要性，但需要进一步的研究来提高这种分析的预测能力。与其针对特定的物种或环境，保护行动可能会更有效，如果集中在缓解物种特征与土地使用压力强烈和负面相互作用的情况。我们发现证据表明，低强度农业可以维持相对多样化的蜜蜂群落;在更密集的环境中，增加花卉资源可能是有益的，但需要仔细放置较小蜜蜂物种的觅食范围。然而，保护半自然栖息地至关重要;特别是，向城市环境的转变可能会对蜜蜂多样性和授粉服务产生严重影响。我们的研究结果强调了探索生态特征如何介导物种对人类影响的反应的重要性，但需要进一步的研究来提高这种分析的预测能力。
Bees are a functionally important and economically valuable group, but are threatened by land‐use conversion and intensification. Such pressures are not expected to affect all species identically; rather, they are likely to be mediated by the species' ecological traits. Understanding which types of species are most vulnerable under which land uses is an important step towards effective conservation planning. We collated occurrence and abundance data for 257 bee species at 1584 European sites from surveys reported in 30 published papers (70 056 records) and combined them with species‐level ecological trait data. We used mixed‐effects models to assess the importance of land use (land‐use class, agricultural use‐intensity and a remotely‐sensed measure of vegetation), traits and trait × land‐use interactions, in explaining species occurrence and abundance. Species' sensitivity to land use was most strongly influenced by flight season duration and foraging range, but also by niche breadth, reproductive strategy and phenology, with effects that differed among cropland, pastoral and urban habitats. Synthesis and applications. Rather than targeting particular species or settings, conservation actions may be more effective if focused on mitigating situations where species' traits strongly and negatively interact with land‐use pressures. We find evidence that low‐intensity agriculture can maintain relatively diverse bee communities; in more intensive settings, added floral resources may be beneficial, but will require careful placement with respect to foraging ranges of smaller bee species. Protection of semi‐natural habitats is essential, however; in particular, conversion to urban environments could have severe effects on bee diversity and pollination services. Our results highlight the importance of exploring how ecological traits mediate species responses to human impacts, but further research is needed to enhance the predictive ability of such analyses. Rather than targeting particular species or settings, conservation actions may be more effective if focused on mitigating situations where species' traits strongly and negatively interact with land‐use pressures. We find evidence that low‐intensity agriculture can maintain relatively diverse bee communities; in more intensive settings, added floral resources may be beneficial, but will require careful placement with respect to foraging ranges of smaller bee species. Protection of semi‐natural habitats is essential, however; in particular, conversion to urban environments could have severe effects on bee diversity and pollination services. Our results highlight the importance of exploring how ecological traits mediate species responses to human impacts, but further research is needed to enhance the predictive ability of such analyses.