Survey of carbamate and organophosphorous pesticide export from a South Florida (USA) agricultural watershed: Implications of sampling frequency on ecological risk estimation
Survey of carbamate and organophosphorous pesticide export from a South Florida (USA) agricultural watershed: Implications of sampling frequency on ecological risk estimation
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DOI：
10.1897/06-048.1
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发表时间：
2006-11
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
P. Wilson;J. F. Foos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Wilson;J. F. Foos
本研究的目的是表征存在选定的氨基甲酸酯和有机磷农药在十里溪（皮尔斯堡，佛罗里达州，美国），并评估采样频率对生态风险估计的影响。十里溪起源于一个以农业为主的流域，由广泛的交联运河网络排水。每天或每隔一天收集水样，并分析甲基嗪磷、毒死蜱、二嗪磷、乐果、乙硫磷、fenamiphos、马拉硫磷、杀扑磷、西维因、克百威、3-羟基克百威、甲硫威、灭多威、杀线威和残杀威。共分析了457份氨基甲酸酯系列样品，共分析了332份有机磷系列样品。在8个样本中检测到西维因;其中一半是在连续4天（2001年10月26日至29日）检测到的，浓度范围为0.33至0.95微克/升。在连续五天（2002年3月30日至4月3日）收集的样本中检测到灭多威，浓度为1.0至2.2微克/升。在四个样本中检测到杀线威，其中三个样本在连续三天（2002年2月17日至19日）出现，浓度范围为6.2至6.8微克/升。未检出氨基甲酸酯残杀威、3-羟基克百威、克百威和甲硫威。二嗪农和乙硫磷是唯一检测到的有机磷农药。2002年1月5日和1月6日分别检测到二嗪农为0.9和0.7 μg/L。2001年8月3日至20日，在18个连续样本中检测到乙硫磷。平均、最大、最小和中位检测浓度分别为0.38、0.61、0.30和0.33 μg/L。结果表明，频繁的采样是必要的，以表征这些农药的存在，在这个集中排水流域。这一结论也适用于类似的渠化流域。
The objectives of the present study were to characterize the presence of selected carbamate and organophosphorous pesticides in Ten Mile Creek (Fort Pierce, FL, USA) and to evaluate the implications of sampling frequency on ecological risk estimates. Ten Mile Creek originates in a predominately agricultural watershed that is drained by an extensive network of crosslinked canals. Water samples were collected daily or every other day and were analyzed for azinphos‐methyl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dimethoate, ethion, fenamiphos, malathion, methidathion, carbaryl, carbofuran, 3‐hydroxycarbofuran, methiocarb, methomyl, oxamyl, and propoxur. A total of 457 samples were analyzed for the carbamate suite, and a total of 332 samples were analyzed for the organophosphorous suite. Carbaryl was detected in eight samples; half of these detections occurred on four consecutive days (October 26–29, 2001) at concentrations ranging from 0.33 to 0.95 μg/L. Methomyl was detected in samples collected on five consecutive days (March 30–April 3, 2002) at concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 2.2 μg/L. Oxamyl was detected in four samples, three of which occurred on three consecutive days (February 17–19, 2002) at concentrations ranging from 6.2 to 6.8 μg/L. The carbamates propoxur, 3‐hydroxycarbofuran, carbofuran, and methiocarb were not detected. Diazinon and ethion were the only organophosphorous pesticides detected. Diazinon was detected at 0.9 and 0.7 μg/L on January 5, 2002, and on January 6, 2002, respectively. Ethion was detected in 18 consecutive samples (August 3–20, 2001). The mean, maximum, minimum, and median detected concentrations were 0.38, 0.61, 0.30, and 0.33 μg/L, respectively. Results indicate that frequent sampling is necessary to characterize the presence of these pesticides in this intensively drained watershed. This conclusion also may apply to similar canalized watersheds.