Basal Signaling Regulates Plant Growth and Development
Basal Signaling Regulates Plant Growth and Development
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DOI：
10.1104/pp.110.161232
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发表时间：
2010-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Perera, Imara Y.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boss, Wendy F.;Sederoff, Heike Winter;Perera, Imara Y.
信号转导一词指的是感知外部刺激并启动第二信使增加的经典范式。每一秒信使通过激活下游通路的子集来传递和放大信号。这个复杂的网络交织的下游事件最终汇聚产生可测量的响应。虽然信号转导的模式是众所周知的，但很少考虑非刺激细胞中的第二信使，即基底信号，然而，基底信号也影响植物的生长和发育。基础信号是被细胞感知的低水平振荡的第二信使。这些噪声很难测量，通常被认为是背景噪声。不足为奇的是，关于植物如何对这种持续不断的信号代谢产物做出反应，或者关于基础信号如何定义体内平衡或促进物种多样性，我们缺乏知识。基因和环境共同决定细胞的基础信号。为了真正了解植物如何调节生长发育，未来的研究必须关注基础信号如何调节基础代谢。我们的假设是，在未受刺激的细胞中，低水平的基础信号将构成性地抑制一些下游事件并刺激其他事件。如果这是真的，那么降低第二信使的基础水平应该会抑制或增强第二信使特异性靶向的下游事件，而依赖于第二信使基础水平的事件将不会被激活（图1）。
The term signal transduction refers to the classical paradigm where an external stimulus is sensed and initiates an increase in second messengers. Each second messenger transmits and amplifies the signal by activating a subset of downstream pathways. This complex network of interwoven downstream events ultimately converges to produce measurable responses. While the paradigms for signal transduction are well known, little consideration has been given to the second messengers in the nonstimulated cell, the basal signal, and yet, basal signals also impact plant growth and development.Basal signals are low levels of oscillating second messengers that are being sensed by the cell. These are difficult to measure and are often considered to be background noise. Not surprisingly, there is a dearth of knowledge about how plants respond to this constant flux of signaling metabolites or about how basal signals define homeostasis or contribute to species diversity. Both genetics and environment will define the basal signal of a cell. To truly understand how plants regulate growth and development, future research must focus on understanding how basal signals regulate fundamental metabolism. Our hypothesis is that in a nonstimulated cell, a low level of basal signal will constitutively repress some downstream events and stimulate others. If this is true, then lowering the basal level of a second messenger should derepress or enhance those downstream events specifically targeted by this second messenger, while events that depend on the basal level of second messenger will not be activated (Fig. 1).