The temporal evolution of chemical and physical properties of magmatic systems
The temporal evolution of chemical and physical properties of magmatic systems
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DOI：
10.1144/sp422.11
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Blundy, Jon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Caricchi, Luca;Blundy, Jon
正好在100年前，伟大的哥伦比亚出生的岩石学家N。L.鲍恩发表了两部关于岩浆化学分化的开创性著作，其中他提出了对熔融岩石中熔体中晶体分馏的物理化学理解的基础。随后一个世纪的研究和技术进步增强了我们对岩浆系统的物理和化学及其时间演化的理解。次火山岩浆系统的形象在那个时候已经有了很大的发展，从一个简单的“沸腾的缸”概念的熔融岩石中的气泡，晶体和熔体分离重力认识到岩浆缸是相对罕见的，大多数岩浆系统花费他们的生命大部分在部分熔融，或糊状，状态。真实的岩浆系统似乎被组织成一系列的存储区域，这些存储区域通过以不同通量传递岩浆（和热量）的供给结构周期性地连接起来。在这个管道系统的不同部分之间的岩浆流动，以及岩浆在地壳中上升时的化学和物理性质的变化，对火山的喷发方式及其产物的地球化学起着重要的控制作用。这本书提出了一个集合的贡献，使用岩石学，地球化学，地质年代学和数值模拟，以确定在岩浆系统内的不同深度操作的过程，并表征它们之间的岩浆通量。
Exactly 100 years ago the great Canadian-born petrologist N. L. Bowen published two seminal works on the chemical differentiation of magmas in which he posed the basis for a physicochemical understanding of the fractionation of crystals from melts in molten rock. A subsequent century of research and technological advances has enhanced our understanding of the physics and chemistry of magmatic systems and their temporal evolution. The image of sub-volcanic magmatic systems has evolved greatly in that time, from a simple 'boiling vat' concept of molten rock in which bubbles, crystals and melt separate gravitationally to a recognition that magma vats are relatively rare and that most magmatic systems spend much of their lifetime in a partially molten, or mushy, state. Real magmatic systems appear to be organized into a series of storage regions periodically connected by feeding structures transferring magma (and heat) at different fluxes. Magma fluxes between the different portions of this plumbing system, and the variation of the chemical and physical properties of magma as it rises through the crust, exert essential controls on the eruptive modalities of volcanoes and the geochemistry of their products. This book presents a collection of contributions that use petrology, geochemistry, geochronology and numerical modelling to identify the processes operating at different depths within magmatic systems and to characterize the fluxes of magma between them.