Exercise, energy expenditure and energy balance, as measured with doubly labelled water
Exercise, energy expenditure and energy balance, as measured with doubly labelled water
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运动、能量消耗和能量平衡，用双标记水测量
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
K. Westerterp
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Westerterp
双标水法测量日常生活条件下1-3周的每日总能量消耗（TDEE）是研究运动和极端环境对能量平衡影响的常用方法。受试者消耗一定量的双标记水（2H2 - 18O）来增加体内水对18O和2H的本底富集，随后在尿液、唾液或血液样本中测量的18O和2H的消除率差异是二氧化碳产生的一种测量，因此可以计算TDEE。本综述描述的研究表明，体力活动水平（PAL），以TDEE（用双标记水评估）除以静息能量消耗（REE, PAL = TDEE/REE）计算，在剧烈运动生活方式的受试者中达到最大值2·00-2·40。更高的PAL值，同时保持能量平衡，观察到在专业运动员消耗额外的能量密集的食物在顶级水平竞争。当能量摄入不受限制时，运动训练可使青壮年的TDEE/REE增加到2·00-2·40。此外，该综述表明，运动引起的活动能量消耗的增加可以通过REE的减少和非运动身体活动的减少来补偿，特别是在负能量平衡的情况下。此外，在未经训练的受试者中，运动引起的活动能量消耗的增加被训练引起的运动效率的增加所补偿。
The doubly labelled water method for the measurement of total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) over 1–3 weeks under daily living conditions is the indicated method to study effects of exercise and extreme environments on energy balance. Subjects consume a measured amount of doubly labelled water (2H2 18O) to increase background enrichment of body water for 18O and 2H, and the subsequent difference in elimination rate between 18O and 2H, as measured in urine, saliva or blood samples, is a measure for carbon dioxide production and thus allows calculation of TDEE. The present review describes research showing that physical activity level (PAL), calculated as TDEE (assessed with doubly labelled water) divided by resting energy expenditure (REE, PAL = TDEE/REE), reaches a maximum value of 2·00–2·40 in subjects with a vigorously active lifestyle. Higher PAL values, while maintaining energy balance, are observed in professional athletes consuming additional energy dense foods to compete at top level. Exercise training can increase TDEE/REE in young adults to a value of 2·00–2·40, when energy intake is unrestricted. Furthermore, the review shows an exercise induced increase in activity energy expenditure can be compensated by a reduction in REE and by a reduction in non-exercise physical activity, especially at a negative energy balance. Additionally, in untrained subjects, an exercise-induced increase in activity energy expenditure is compensated by a training-induced increase in exercise efficiency.
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Hunter GR;Fisher G;Neumeier WH;Carter SJ;Plaisance EP
通讯作者：
Plaisance EP
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Cooper,JamieA;Nguyen,DavidD;Ruby,BrentC;Schoeller,DaleA
通讯作者：
Schoeller,DaleA