THE EARLY EVOLUTION OF RAY-FINNED FISHES
THE EARLY EVOLUTION OF RAY-FINNED FISHES
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DOI：
10.1111/pala.12150
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发表时间：
2015-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Friedman, Matt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Friedman, Matt
射线鳍鱼（Actinopterygii）约占所有现存脊椎动物物种的一半。在过去的十年里，在解剖学和分子的支持下，关于现代主要谱系之间关系的稳定假说已经出现。放线鱼树上的多样性分布不均匀，大多数物种集中在少数地质上年轻（即白垩纪）的硬骨鱼进化枝中。现存的非硬骨鱼类群被描述为“活化石”，但这个绰号不应被视为特别原始结构的证据：这些谱系中的每一个都具有深刻的专业化特征。将化石归属于枝叶门、软骨门和新翅目的冠部和顶端茎是没有争议的，但古生代类群沿着放线翅目系统发育的更深分支的放置则不太确定。尽管存在这些局限性，但从化石记录来看，放线鱼多样化的一些主要轮廓似乎相当清晰：泥盆纪的丰富度低且差异大；石炭纪早期形态多样性增加，与分类优势的增加有关；早三叠世分类学优势的进一步增强与最早出现营养多样化的冠新翅目有关。
Ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) constitute approximately half of all living vertebrate species. A stable hypothesis of relationships among major modern lineages has emerged over the past decade, supported by both anatomy and molecules. Diversity is unevenly partitioned across the actinopterygian tree, with most species concentrated within a handful of geologically young (i.e. Cretaceous) teleost clades. Extant non-teleost groups are portrayed as living fossils', but this moniker should not be taken as evidence of especially primitive structure: each of these lineages is characterized by profound specializations. Attribution of fossils to the crowns and apical stems of Cladistia, Chondrostei and Neopterygii is uncontroversial, but placements of Palaeozoic taxa along deeper branches of actinopterygian phylogeny are less secure. Despite these limitations, some major outlines of actinopterygian diversification seem reasonably clear from the fossil record: low richness and disparity in the Devonian; elevated morphological variety, linked to increases in taxonomic dominance, in the early Carboniferous; and further gains in taxonomic dominance in the Early Triassic associated with earliest appearance of trophically diverse crown neopterygians.