The importance of neurobiological research to the prevention of psychopathology.
The importance of neurobiological research to the prevention of psychopathology.
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1010090114858
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发表时间：
2000-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fishbein, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fishbein, D
对于各种形式的精神病来说，神经底物既有生物成分，也有环境成分。大脑功能障碍本身不仅对精神病理学构成了巨大的风险，而且还对个人的环境和社会反应产生了影响，增加了出现不利结果的风险。环境条件，如社会和身体刺激匮乏、贫困、创伤应激和产前药物暴露，可能会在现有负债的背景下进一步损害大脑功能。遗传过程和环境过程之间的关系是互动的、流动的和累积的，它们能够影响个人的发展轨迹并改变随后的行为结果。鉴于这些过程之间的相互依赖关系，现在人们认为，大脑功能可以通过操纵环境来延展，这种方式可能会减少精神病理的风险。探索这些关系和干预措施可以改变这一发展轨迹的方式的研究，可能会极大地促进预防的科学和实践。回顾了试图分离社会环境因素的神经生物学效应的研究，讨论了干预策略的含义，并提出了未来的研究议程，以提供对特定脑-环境关系的更深入的了解。有了这些知识，预防科学家可能最终会设计出直接针对这些影响的计划，以逆转或减轻负面结果。
There is both a biological and environmental component to the neural substrates for various forms of psychopathology. Brain dysfunction itself not only constitutes a formidable liability to psychopathology, but also has an impact on environmental and social responses to the individual, compounding the risk for an adverse outcome. Environmental conditions, such as social and physical stimulus deprivation, poverty, traumatic stress, and prenatal drug exposure, can further compromise brain function in the context of existing liabilities. The relationship between genetic and environmental processes is interactive, fluid, and cumulative in their ability to influence an individual's developmental trajectory and alter subsequent behavioral outcomes. Given the codependent relationship between these processes, brain function is now believed to be malleable via manipulations of the environment in ways that may decrease liability for psychopathology. Research that explores these relationships and ways in which interventions can redirect this developmental track may substantially advance both the science and practice of prevention. Studies attempting to isolate the neurobiological effects of socioenvironmental factors are reviewed, implications for intervention strategies are discussed, and a future research agenda is proposed to provide greater insight into specific brain-environment relationships. Armed with this knowledge, prevention scientists may eventually design programs that directly target these effects to reverse or attenuate negative outcomes.