Central Cholinergic Neurons Are Rapidly Recruited by Reinforcement Feedback.
Central Cholinergic Neurons Are Rapidly Recruited by Reinforcement Feedback.
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中央胆碱能神经元被增强反馈迅速招募。
DOI：
10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.057
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发表时间：
2015-08-27
期刊：
影响因子：
64.5
通讯作者：
Kepecs A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hangya B;Ranade SP;Lorenc M;Kepecs A
基底前脑胆碱能神经元是参与正常认知和神经退行性痴呆的主要神经调节系统。胆碱能投射密集地支配新皮层，释放乙酰胆碱调节觉醒、注意力和学习。然而，由于在行为过程中从未记录过已确定的胆碱能神经元，因此人们对其精确的行为功能知之甚少。为了确定它们的活动可能支持认知的哪些方面，我们在执行需要持续注意力的听觉检测任务的小鼠中使用光遗传学识别记录了胆碱能神经元。我们发现非胆碱能基底前脑群——但不是胆碱能神经元——与试验对试验的注意力测量相关。令人惊讶的是，胆碱能神经元对奖励和惩罚的反应速度和精度不同寻常（18±3ms）。胆碱能反应是通过意想不到的强化来衡量的，并且在神经元和支配不同皮层区域的两个核之间高度相似。这些结果表明，胆碱能系统广播一个快速和精确定时的强化信号支持快速皮层激活和可塑性。
Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons constitute a major neuromodulatory system implicated in normal cognition and neurodegenerative dementias. Cholinergic projections densely innervate neocortex, releasing acetylcholine to regulate arousal, attention and learning. However, their precise behavioral function is poorly understood because identified cholinergic neurons have never been recorded during behavior. To determine which aspects of cognition their activity might support we recorded cholinergic neurons using optogenetic identification in mice performing an auditory detection task requiring sustained attention. We found that a non-cholinergic basal forebrain population — but not cholinergic neurons — were correlated with trial-to-trial measures of attention. Surprisingly, cholinergic neurons responded to reward and punishment with unusual speed and precision (18±3ms). Cholinergic responses were scaled by the unexpectedness of reinforcement and were highly similar across neurons and two nuclei innervating distinct cortical areas. These results reveal that the cholinergic system broadcasts a rapid and precisely timed reinforcement signal supporting fast cortical activation and plasticity.