Leipzig Ice Nucleation chamber Comparison ( LINC ) : intercomparison of four online ice nucleation counters
Leipzig Ice Nucleation chamber Comparison ( LINC ) : intercomparison of four online ice nucleation counters
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莱比锡冰成核室比较 (LINC)：四个在线冰成核计数器的相互比较
DOI：
10.5194/acp-2017-358
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Z. Kanji
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Monika Burkert;H. Wex;A. Welti;S. Hartmann;Sarah Grawe;Lisa Hellner;P. Herenz;J. Atkinson;F. Stratmann;Z. Kanji
大气云中冰晶的形成对降水、云寿命、云辐射特性以及全球能量收支都有很大的影响。高于235 K的初级冰形成是由被称为冰成核颗粒（INPs）的种子气溶胶颗粒上的成核引发的。测量大气中气溶胶粒子冰成核潜力的仪器需要能够准确地量化环境INP浓度。在过去的十年中，已经开发了几种仪器来研究气溶胶粒子的冰核特性和测量环境INP浓度。因此，有必要进行相互比较，以确保仪器差异不被解释为科学发现。在这项研究中，我们比较了使用四个在线冰核室进行平行测量的结果。七种不同的气溶胶类型进行了测试，包括未经处理和酸处理的矿物粉尘（微斜长石，这是一种钾长石，和高岭石），以及桦树花粉洗涤沃茨。探索非均质冰成核以上和以下的水饱和度的实验进行，以覆盖整个范围的大气相关的热力学条件，可以调查与intercompared室。莱比锡气溶胶云相互作用模拟器（LACIS）和便携式浸没模式冷却chAmber耦合到便携式冰成核室（PIMCA-PINC）在浸没冷冻模式下进行测量。此外，两个连续流扩散室（CFDC）PINC和冰核光谱仪（SPIN）用于进行测量低于和刚刚高于水饱和度，名义上呈现沉积成核和冷凝冻结。LACIS和PIMCA-PINC的结果在整个测量的冻结分数（FFs）和温度范围内一致。一般来说，PINC和SPIN比较好，观察到的差异是由冰晶生长和在室内的不同停留时间解释的。为了研究四种仪器中冰成核的机制，比较了FF（来自LACIS和PIMCA-PINC）和活化级分AF（来自PINC和SPIN）。测得的FF的顺序上的3个因素高于AF，但并不一致的所有气溶胶类型和温度的调查。研究表明，不能假设CFDC的测量结果与专门测量浸入式冷冻的仪器产生相同的结果。相反，必须考虑对在水饱和度以上运行的CFDC应用比例因子的需要，以允许与浸没式冷冻装置进行比较。我们的研究结果提供了进一步认识的因素，如分散方法的重要性和相互比较在线INP计数器的粒度选择的质量。
Ice crystal formation in atmospheric clouds has a strong effect on precipitation, cloud lifetime, cloud radiative properties, and thus the global energy budget. Primary ice formation above 235 K is initiated by nucleation on seed aerosol particles called ice-nucleating particles (INPs). Instruments that measure the ice-nucleating potential of aerosol particles in the atmosphere need to be able to accurately quantify ambient INP concentrations. In the last decade several instruments have been developed to investigate the icenucleating properties of aerosol particles and to measure ambient INP concentrations. Therefore, there is a need for intercomparisons to ensure instrument differences are not interpreted as scientific findings. In this study, we intercompare the results from parallel measurements using four online ice nucleation chambers. Seven different aerosol types are tested including untreated and acid-treated mineral dusts (microcline, which is a K-feldspar, and kaolinite), as well as birch pollen washing waters. Experiments exploring heterogeneous ice nucleation above and below water saturation are performed to cover the whole range of atmospherically relevant thermodynamic conditions that can be investigated with the intercompared chambers. The Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction Simulator (LACIS) and the Portable Immersion Mode Cooling chAmber coupled to the Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber (PIMCA-PINC) performed measurements in the immersion freezing mode. Additionally, two continuous-flow diffusion chambers (CFDCs) PINC and the Spectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN) are used to perform measurements below and just above water saturation, nominally presenting deposition nucleation and condensation freezing. The results of LACIS and PIMCA-PINC agree well over the whole range of measured frozen fractions (FFs) and temperature. In general PINC and SPIN compare well and the observed differences are explained by the ice crystal growth and different residence times in the chamber. To study the mechanisms responsible for the ice nucleation in the four instruments, the FF (from LACIS and PIMCA-PINC) and the activated fraction, AF (from PINC and SPIN), are compared. Measured FFs are on the order of a factor of 3 higher than AFs, but are not consistent for all aerosol types and temperatures investigated. It is shown that measurements from CFDCs cannot be assumed to produce the same results as those instruments exclusively measuring immersion freezing. Instead, the need to apply a scaling factor to CFDCs operating above water saturation has to be considered to allow comparison with immersion freezing devices. Our results provide further awareness of factors such as the importance of dispersion methods and the quality of particle size selection for intercomparing online INP counters.
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影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Augustin-Bauditz, S.;Wex, H.;Stratmann, F.
通讯作者：
Stratmann, F.
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
DeMott, P. J.;Prenni, A. J.;Kreidenweis, S. M.
通讯作者：
Kreidenweis, S. M.
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Augustin-Bauditz, Stefanie;Wex, Heike;Stratmann, Frank
通讯作者：
Stratmann, Frank
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
H. Wex;P. DeMott;Y. Tobo;S. Hartmann;Michael Rösch;T. Clauss;L. Tomsche;D. Niedermeier;F. Stratmann
通讯作者：
H. Wex;P. DeMott;Y. Tobo;S. Hartmann;Michael Rösch;T. Clauss;L. Tomsche;D. Niedermeier;F. Stratmann
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Augustin, S.;Wex, H.;Stratmann, F.
通讯作者：
Stratmann, F.