Vicarious Trial and Error at a Point of Choice: I. A General Survey of its Relation to Learning Efficiency
Vicarious Trial and Error at a Point of Choice: I. A General Survey of its Relation to Learning Efficiency
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选择点上的替代试错：一、其与学习效率关系的总体调查
DOI：
10.1080/08856559.1938.10533799
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发表时间：
1938
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
K. F. Muenzinger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. F. Muenzinger
许多实验者报告说，老鼠在一个选择点上经常犹豫，交替地面对前面的小巷。多年来，我们在辨别实验中记录了这种行为的发生。本文将介绍一些事实，这种选择行为的关系，学习效率。其目的是对问题的各个方面进行调查，而不是对具体方面进行详尽的研究。托尔曼在1926年首次提出，这种选择行为可能与学习效率有关。在描述白色老鼠在迷宫中的行为时，他说：“在它们学习的某些阶段，我看到过非常明显的例子，它们在两条小巷之间的选择点上犹豫不决。老鼠停下来，左右摆动鼻子，最后做出选择。我还注意到，在这种情况下，他通常比毫不犹豫地选择正确的一个更频繁”（5，第367页）。
Numerous experimenters have reported that rats at a point of choice often hesitate and alternately face the alleys ahead of them. For a number of years we have recorded the occurrences of such behavior in our discrimination experiments. This article will present some facts regarding the relation of this choosing behavior to learning efficiency. Its aim is to offer a survey of diverse aspects of the problem rather than exhaustive studies of specific aspects. It was Tolman who first suggested in 1926 that such choosing behavior might be related to learning efficiency. Describing the be havior of white rats in mazes he said:" I have seen at certain stages in their learning very patent instances of such hesitation at a choice point between two alleys. The rat stops and wiggles its nose from side to side and then finally chooses. And I have noted further that in such cases he usually chooses the correct one more often than when he does not hesitate"(5, p. 367).