Separation media for microchips.
Separation media for microchips.
复制标题
微芯片的分离介质。
DOI：
10.1021/ac0718703
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Wirth,MaryJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wirth,MaryJ
化学分离对于复杂样品的分析是必不可少的。特别是生物样品极其复杂，在分离之前需要多个准备步骤，但样品大小往往有限。鉴于这些挑战，Manz等人指出需要小型化全化学分析系统或µTAS（1）。其理念是在一个集成系统中最好地注射、制备、分离和分析微小样品，以最大限度地减少样品损失或污染。微芯片或芯片实验室技术就是从这一愿景中产生的，所有的步骤都在一个小型化的平台上进行。这些步骤中的每一个都是在微芯片上单独完成的，而多个步骤则是在微芯片上组合完成的。唾液、尿液和血浆等样本显然不需要细胞裂解。通常，通过使用微阵列可以避免化学分离，如在杂交测定或免疫测定中。今天，由于生物分析中对不断增加的速度和通量的需求，对微芯片的兴趣正在增长。µTAS设备的目标应用包括即时临床诊断（2）、法医DNA指纹（3）和生物防御实时监控（4）。这里，两个案例研究说明了微芯片分析与化学分离的研究活动-一个涉及DNA分析，另一个涉及蛋白质组学。我们的目标是了解为什么特定类型的分析在集成到芯片上时可能会更好地工作。然后，我们可以评估存在哪些分离介质，以及需要开发哪些介质才能使微芯片上的µTAS成为可能。
Chemical separations are essential for analyses of complex samples. Biological samples, in particular, are extremely complex and require multiple preparatory steps before the separation, yet the sample size is often limited. In view of these challenges, Manz et al. pointed out the need for miniaturized total chemical analysis systems, or µTAS (1). The idea is that tiny samples can best be injected, prepared, separated, and analyzed in one integrated system to minimize sample loss or contamination. Microchip, or lab-on-a-chip, technology has emerged from this vision, in which all of the steps are performed on a miniaturized platform. Each of these steps has been done individually on a microchip, and multiple steps have been combined on microchips. Specimens such as saliva, urine, and plasma obviously do not require cell lysis. Often, the chemical separation can be avoided by use of a microarray, as in hybridization assays or immunoassays. Today, the interest in microchips is growing because of the need for ever-increasing speed and throughput in biological analyses. Target applications for µTAS devices include point-of-care clinical diagnostics (2), forensic DNA fingerprinting (3), and real-time monitoring for biodefense (4).Here, two case studies illustrate the research activity in microchip analyses with chemical separations—one involves DNA analysis and the other proteomics. The goal is to see why a particular type of analysis might work better when integrated on a chip. We can then assess which separation media exist and what needs to be developed to make µTAS on microchips possible.