Geospatial variability of krill and top predators within an Antarctic submarine canyon system
Geospatial variability of krill and top predators within an Antarctic submarine canyon system
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南极海底峡谷系统内磷虾和顶级捕食者的地理空间变化
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Reiss
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Santora;C. Reiss
为研究南极利文斯顿岛附近两个相邻海底峡谷内磷虾、海鸟（企鹅、海燕和信天翁）、海狗和须鲸的栖息地选择性，在近岸沃茨绘制了它们的空间分布图。进行了三次船上调查（2005年2月至2007年），并使用回声测深仪测量磷虾的分布和丰度，同时进行目视调查，绘制海鸟和海洋哺乳动物的地图。使用多物种的方法，我们测试的假设，即磷虾和顶级捕食者的空间组织的共同变化，根据细尺度的水深在近岸海洋环境的变化。GAMs被用来研究海洋深度，坡度和距离等深线的磷虾和捕食者的空间分布和丰度的影响。磷虾和捕食者的空间分布格局与水深测量的小尺度（1-10公里）变化有关，并在丰度上表现出跨大陆架梯度。磷虾集中沿着陆架断裂带分布，在两个海底峡谷内数量丰富。捕食者表现出不同的偏好的位置内的潜艇峡谷系统，涉及到他们的觅食行为。企鹅集中在靠近海岸和东部海底峡谷的头部，紧邻一个繁殖地。鲸鱼也集中在东峡谷的顶部（与企鹅重叠），而信天翁和海狗则集中在西峡谷。海狗也表现出对陡坡的偏好，并集中在沿着陆架断裂带。海燕在这两个海底峡谷中都表现出了丰富的高峰。由于海底峡谷的方向、大小和靠近海岸线，它们为磷虾和各种掠食者提供了重要的生境异质性。这项研究突出了多物种的方法研究的空间生态学的顶级捕食者和磷虾和海洋空间管理的斯科舍海的影响。
The spatial distribution patterns of krill, seabirds (penguin, petrel and albatross), fur seals and baleen whales were mapped in nearshore waters (<50 km from land) to investigate their habitat selection within two adjacent submarine canyons near Livingston Island, Antarctica. Three shipboard surveys were conducted (February 2005–2007), and an echosounder was used to measure the distribution and abundance of krill while simultaneously conducting visual surveys to map seabird and marine mammals. Using a multispecies approach, we test the hypothesis that spatial organization of krill and top predators co-vary according to fine-scale changes in bathymetry in the nearshore marine environment. GAMs are used to examine the effect of sea depth, slope and distance to isobaths on the spatial distribution and abundance of krill and predators. Spatial distribution patterns of krill and predators relate to fine-scale (1–10 km) changes in bathymetry and exhibit cross-shelf gradients in abundance. Krill were concentrated along the shelf-break and abundant within both submarine canyons. Predators exhibited different preferences for locations within the submarine canyon system that relates to their foraging behavior. Penguins concentrated closer to shore and within the head of the east submarine canyon immediately adjacent to a breeding colony. Whales were also concentrated over the head of the east canyon (overlapping with penguins), whereas albatrosses and fur seals were concentrated in the west canyon. Fur seals also showed preference for steep slopes and were concentrated along the shelf-break. Petrels exhibited peaks in abundance throughout both submarine canyons. Owing to their orientation, size and proximity to the coastline, submarine canyons provide important habitat heterogeneity for krill and a variety of predators. This study highlights the multispecies approach for studying spatial ecology of top predators and krill and has implications for marine spatial management of the Scotia Sea.