Obesity discrimination: the role of physical appearance, personal ideology, and anti-fat prejudice
Obesity discrimination: the role of physical appearance, personal ideology, and anti-fat prejudice
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DOI：
10.1038/ijo.2012.52
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发表时间：
2013-03-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Hunter, J. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O'Brien, K. S.;Latner, J. D.;Hunter, J. A.
目的：反脂肪偏见的自述测量被该领域经常使用，但目前尚无研究表明反脂肪偏见的显性测量与其行为表现之间存在关系；肥胖歧视。本研究调查了最近开发的反肥胖偏见的测量方法，普遍偏见测量（UMB），以及其他相关的偏见态度和信仰（即威权主义，社会支配取向；SDO，外表投资）是否预测肥胖歧视。方法：在人员选择任务的幌子下，参与者（n = 102）根据一些选择标准（例如，起薪，选择的可能性）对申请管理职位的肥胖和非肥胖女性进行评估。参与者看的简历要么附上减肥手术前肥胖女性（体重指数(BMI) = 38-41）的照片，要么附上减肥手术后肥胖女性（体重指数(BMI) = 22-24）的照片。参与者还完成了反肥胖偏见（UMB）威权主义、SDO、外貌评估和定向测试。结果：肥胖歧视在所有选择标准中都存在。较高的UMB分量表得分（距离和负面判断）、专制主义、外貌评价和取向与更大的肥胖歧视相关。在回归模型中，UMB“距离”是感知领导潜力、起薪和整体就业能力的肥胖歧视的预测因子。UMB的“负面判断”预示着起薪方面的歧视；而威权主义则预测了选择肥胖申请者的可能性和候选人排名。最后，外貌评价和外貌取向分别预测肥胖歧视对职业成功和领导潜力的预测。结论：自我报告的偏见措施替代了歧视，但没有实证支持明确的反肥胖偏见措施的有效性。在这里，UMB、专制主义和外表投资预示着肥胖歧视。目前的结果为研究人员寻求评估、理解和减少反肥胖偏见和歧视提供了这些措施的支持。国际肥胖杂志（2013）37,455-460；doi: 10.1038 / ijo.2012.52;2012年4月24日在线发布
OBJECTIVE: Self-report measures of anti-fat prejudice are regularly used by the field, however, there is no research showing a relationship between explicit measures of anti-fat prejudice and the behavioral manifestation of them; obesity discrimination. The present study examined whether a recently developed measure of anti-fat prejudice, the universal measure of bias (UMB), along with other correlates of prejudicial attitudes and beliefs (that is, authoritarianism, social dominance orientation; SDO, physical appearance investment) predict obesity discrimination.METHOD: Under the guise of a personnel selection task, participants (n = 102) gave assessments of obese and non-obese females applying for a managerial position across a number of selection criteria (for example, starting salary, likelihood of selecting). Participants viewed resumes that had attached either a photo of a pre-bariatric surgery obese female (body mass index (BMI) = 38-41) or a photo of the same female post-bariatric surgery (BMI = 22-24). Participants also completed measures of anti-fat prejudice (UMB) authoritarianism, SDO, physical appearance evaluation and orientation.RESULTS: Obesity discrimination was displayed across all selection criteria. Higher UMB subscale scores (distance and negative judgement), authoritarianism, physical appearance evaluation and orientation were associated with greater obesity discrimination. In regression models, UMB 'distance' was a predictor of obesity discrimination for perceived leadership potential, starting salary, and overall employability. UMB 'negative judgement' predicted discrimination for starting salary; and authoritarianism predicted likelihood of selecting an obese applicant and candidate ranking. Finally, physical appearance evaluation and appearance orientation predicted obesity discrimination for predicted career success and leadership potential, respectively.CONCLUSION: Self-report measures of prejudice act as surrogates for discrimination, but there has been no empirical support for the validity of explicit measures of anti-fat prejudice. Here, the UMB, authoritarianism, and physical appearance investment predicted obesity discrimination. The present results provide support for the use of these measures by researchers seeking to assess, understand, and reduce anti-fat prejudice and discrimination. International Journal of Obesity (2013) 37, 455-460; doi:10.1038/ijo.2012.52; published online 24 April 2012