Glacier mass balance and runoff research in the U.S.A.
Glacier mass balance and runoff research in the U.S.A.
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美国冰川质量平衡和径流研究
DOI：
10.1080/04353676.1984.11880110
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发表时间：
1984
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
L. R. Mayo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. R. Mayo
冰川物质平衡的研究始于50年前的美国。1957年国际地球年和1966年国际水文学年分别对气候、冰雪平衡和冰川水文进行了更全面的研究。调查包括正常物质平衡过程和异常现象的规模和地理分布，如爆发、积雪中的水冻结造成的冰积累、火山活动和冰裂造成的冰川消融。人们发现冰川的大小并不像人们普遍想象的那样是气候的简单函数。冰川可以随着气候变暖而增加，也可以由于崩解不稳定机制而缩小。冰川平衡和径流的数值模拟仅在过去十年中出现。冰川研究也产生了对国家气候，水资源和洪水灾害的新认识，因为冰川存在于非常潮湿而不是非常寒冷的气候中，并产生非常高的径流率。
Research on glacier mass balance began in the U.S.A. about 50 years ago. More complete studies of climate, snow and ice balance, and the hydrology of glaciers were initiated for the IGY in 1957 and the IHD in 1966. Investigations included the magnitude and geographic distribution of normal mass balance processes and unusual phenomena such as outbursting, accumulation of ice by freezing of water in firn, and ablation of glacier ice by volcanic activity and by calving. Glacier size has been found not to be a simple function of climate as is widely imagined. Glaciers can increase with a warming of climate and can shrink due to calving instability mechanisms. Numerical modeling of glacier balance and runoff have appeared in the past decade only. Glacier research has also produced a new understanding of the nation's climate, water resources, and flood hazards because glaciers exist in very moist rather than very cold climates and produce very high runoff rates.