Do Street Robbery Location Choices Vary Over Time of Day or Day of Week? A Test in Chicago.
Do Street Robbery Location Choices Vary Over Time of Day or Day of Week? A Test in Chicago.
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DOI：
10.1177/0022427816680681
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发表时间：
2017-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Block R
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文献类型：
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作者：
Bernasco W;Ruiter S;Block R
本文检验了这样一个假设：在街头抢劫地点选择中，地点属性的重要性取决于一天中的时间和一周中的某一天。通过估计和比较一天中每个两小时时间段和一周中每一天的单独离散位置选择模型来评估该假设。分析的空间单位是人口普查块。它们的相关属性包括各种合法和非法现金经济的存在、高中的存在、可达性措施以及距罪犯家的距离。该假设被强烈拒绝，因为对于几乎所有人口普查区块属性来说，它们的重要性几乎不依赖于一天中的时间或一周中的某一天。只有人口普查区中的高中的效果符合预期，因为其效果仅在学校开放的时间和日期显现。结果表明，街头抢劫犯的位置选择并不像之前的研究所暗示的那样受到直接机会的空间变化的强烈驱动。相反，街头抢劫者大多数时候似乎都是在现金经济和交通枢纽的环境中作案，无论周围有多少潜在受害者。
This article examines the hypothesis that in street robbery location choices, the importance of location attributes is conditional on the time of day and on the day of the week. The hypothesis is assessed by estimating and comparing separate discrete location choice models for each two-hour time block of the day and for each day of the week. The spatial units of analysis are census blocks. Their relevant attributes include presence of various legal and illegal cash economies, presence of high schools, measures of accessibility, and distance from the offender’s home. The hypothesis is strongly rejected because for almost all census block attributes, their importance hardly depends on time of day or day of week. Only the effect of high schools in census blocks follows expectations, as its effect is only demonstrated at the times and on the days that schools are open. The results suggest that street robbers’ location choices are not as strongly driven by spatial variations in immediate opportunities as has been suggested in previous studies. Rather, street robbers seem to perpetrate in the environs of cash economies and transit hubs most of the time irrespective of how many potential victims are around.