Asocial memories, ‘poisonous knowledge’, and haunting in Mongolia
Asocial memories, ‘poisonous knowledge’, and haunting in Mongolia
复制标题
蒙古的反社会记忆、“有毒知识”和困扰
DOI：
10.1111/1467-9655.12963
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Manduhai Buyandelger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Manduhai Buyandelger
本文认为，来自对抗性背景的记忆，并不总是基于沟通和社会性，应该更好地整合到现有的社会记忆理论中。后社会主义蒙古的萨满声称，以前被压制的起源精神要求他们的后代成为萨满，以换取停止骚扰他们的遗忘和遗弃。有些来访者拒绝成为萨满，因此选择切断他们与过去的关系。在这篇文章中，我探讨了一个这样的拒绝，这导致了现有的社会关系的解体，同时也产生了意想不到的记忆。这些记忆不同于在有组织的萨满教仪式中出现的共享记忆。通过谣言和假设而不是积极的社会性和分享来传播，这些“反社会”记忆也作为一种特殊的“有毒知识”，促使每个人退出网络，以避免无人看管的精神所造成的所谓伤害。由于不同的主体定位，一个人的记忆是另一个人的遗忘，不必要的记忆的困扰继续存在，因为通过统一的公共仪式解决问题是不可能的。
This article argues that memories that come from contexts that are adversarial, and that are not always based on communication and sociality, should be better integrated within the existing theories of social memory. Shamans in postsocialist Mongolia claim that previously suppressed origin spirits demand that their descendants become initiated as shamans in exchange for ceasing to harass them for forgetting and abandonment. Some clients refuse to become initiated as shamans and thus choose to sever their relationship with their past. In this article I explore one such refusal, which led to a disintegration of existing social ties, while also yielding unexpected memories. These memories are different from the shared memories that emerge in the context of organized shamanic rituals. Circulated through rumour and supposition instead of positive sociality and sharing, these ‘asocial’ memories also act as a particular kind of ‘poisonous knowledge’, prompting each individual to withdraw from the network as a way of avoiding the alleged harm from unattended spirits. Owing to divergent subject positioning, where one person’s remembering is another’s forgetting, the haunting by unwanted memories continues, as resolution through unifying communal ritual is not possible.