Natural and human-induced prehistoric and historical soil erosion and landscape development in Southwestern Tennessee, USA
Natural and human-induced prehistoric and historical soil erosion and landscape development in Southwestern Tennessee, USA
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ancene.2015.05.003
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发表时间：
2014-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Dye, David H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dotterweich, Markus;Ivester, Andrew H.;Dye, David H.
近几个世纪以来，北美东部出现了广泛的土壤侵蚀。虽然土壤侵蚀的影响和对环境的反馈已被欧洲人定居的时期所认识，但美洲原住民的史前耕作时期及其对土壤侵蚀的影响在很大程度上尚未被探索。在田纳西州西南部沿契卡索海崖分布的一个82万平方米（沿着）的分水岭--山茱萸沟系统，广泛的地质考古学调查（包括历史数据）使得对土壤侵蚀历史的详细研究成为可能。结果产生洞察人类活动（包括史前和历史）与自然地貌动力学过程控制的气候和新构造对土壤侵蚀的相对影响。在整个全新世，地貌活动有三个相对较短的阶段。在全新世中期，气候变化引起了保护植被的变化或下降，引发了火灾，径流和土壤侵蚀。古希腊人和早期林地居民对景观的影响仍然难以捉摸。在密西西比时期（类似于公元900-1400年），至少12厘米的表土流失可能影响了世纪的土地废弃。在引进欧洲农业技术后，同样数量的土壤被侵蚀，但仅在80年内。在1930年代，该地区重新造林，但径流和冲沟仍然活跃在裸露的表面。研究表明，史前土地利用模式对地貌系统的影响可能比以前的研究所表明的要重要得多。(C)2015由Elsevier Ltd.出版
Eastern North America has seen widespread soil erosion in recent centuries. While the impact of soil erosion and feedbacks to the environment have been recognized for the period of European settlement, the period of prehistoric cultivation by Native Americans and its effect on soil erosion are largely unexplored. At the Dogwood gully system, a 820,000 m(2) watershed located along the Chickasaw Bluff in southwestern Tennessee, extensive geoarchaeological investigations, which include historical data, have enabled a detailed examination of soil erosion history. The results yield insight into the relative influence on soil erosion of human activities (both prehistoric and historical) versus natural geomorphodynamic processes controlled by climate and neotectonics. Three relatively short phases of geomorphic activity occurred throughout the Holocene. In the mid-Holocene climate changes caused a change or decline in the protecting vegetation cover which triggered fires, runoff, and soil erosion. The influence of Archaic and early Woodland peoples on the landscape has remained elusive. The loss of at least 12 cm of topsoil during the Mississippi period (similar to 900-1400 CE) may have influenced land abandonment in the 14th century. After the introduction of European agricultural techniques, a similar amount of soil was eroded but within a period of only 80 years. In the 1930s the area was reforested but runoff and gullying are still active on bare surfaces. The research shows that the impact of prehistoric land use patterns on the geomorphic system was likely generally much more important than previous studies has suggested. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.