The gender wage gap, weather, and intimate partner violence
The gender wage gap, weather, and intimate partner violence
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DOI：
10.1007/s11150-020-09483-1
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发表时间：
2020-06-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Hsu, Lin-chi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Henke, Alexander;Hsu, Lin-chi
两个理论的亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）有不同的预测妇女的议价能力如何影响IPV率。如果施虐者享受并“支付”IPV（表达暴力），议价能力降低IPV率。但如果暴力是增加家庭讨价还价能力的工具（工具性暴力），那么妇女的讨价还价能力可能会增加IPV。现有的证据表明，议价能力降低IPV的净。将这些理论与证据相调和的一种方法是，两种类型的暴力都存在，讨价还价的能力尤其会减少表达性暴力。使用当地的温度变化，IPV警察报告，和妇女的劳动力市场的结果，我们确定了三个关键的影响，共同支持这一理论。首先，我们将基于温度的暴力确定为一种表达性暴力。第二，我们发现新的证据表明，一个女人的劳动力市场的机会保护她从IPV。最后，我们结合联合收割机这些分析表明，一个女人的劳动力市场的机会，特别是她从温度为基础的暴力绝缘，提供证据表明，讨价还价的能力最好的保护妇女免受表达暴力。
Two theories of intimate partner violence (IPV) have differing predictions on how women's bargaining power affects rates of IPV. If an abuser enjoys and "pays" for IPV (expressive violence), bargaining power reduces rates of IPV. But if violence is a tool to increase bargaining power in the household (instrumental violence), a woman's bargaining power may increase IPV. The existing evidence suggests that bargaining power decreases IPV on net. One way to reconcile these theories with the evidence is that both types of violence exist, and bargaining power especially reduces expressive violence. Using local variation in temperature, IPV police reports, and women's labor market outcomes, we identify three key effects which together support this theory. First, we identify temperature-based violence as a type of expressive violence. Second, we find new evidence that a woman's labor market opportunities shield her from IPV. Finally, we combine these analyses to show that a woman's labor market opportunities specifically insulate her from temperature-based violence, providing evidence that bargaining power best protects women against expressive violence.