FALL3D-8.0: a computational model for atmospheric transport and deposition of particles, aerosols and radionuclides – Part 2: Model validation
FALL3D-8.0: a computational model for atmospheric transport and deposition of particles, aerosols and radionuclides – Part 2: Model validation
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FALL3D-8.0：颗粒、气溶胶和放射性核素的大气传输和沉积的计算模型 - 第 2 部分：模型验证
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
A. Costa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Prata;L. Mingari;A. Folch;G. Macedonio;A. Costa
摘要。本文介绍了FALL3D大气输送模型最新版本的模型验证结果。该代码已从零开始重新设计，以纳入不同类别的物种，并克服了阻碍其准备进行极端规模计算的遗留问题。模型验证基于新的FALL3D-8.0测试套件，该测试套件包括一组四个真实案例研究，这些案例研究封装了模型的主要特征；即模拟远距离细火山灰扩散、火山SO2扩散、火山灰沉降和放射性核素的扩散和沉积。前两个测试套件用例（即2011年6月Puyehue-Cordón Caulle火山灰云和2019年6月Raikoke SO2云）针对地球静止卫星检索进行了验证，并演示了新的FALL3D数据插入方案。用于验证火山灰和二氧化硫模拟的度量是结构、振幅和位置（SAL）度量和空间优值（FMS）度量。另外两个测试集案例（即2013年2月的埃特纳火山火山灰云和相关的火山灰沉降沉积物，以及1986年切尔诺贝利核事故造成的放射性核素的扩散）通过对沉积物负荷和当地颗粒粒径分布的分散地面观测以及放射性环境监测数据库的测量结果进行了验证。为了验证麻药沉积负荷和放射性核素，我们使用标准化均方根误差度量的两种变体。我们发现，FALL3D-8.0模拟初始化后的数据插入持续提高了火山灰和二氧化硫模拟在48小时内与卫星检索结果的一致性。一般来说，SAL分数低于1.5，FMS分数大于0.40表明与卫星反演的火山灰和SO2的一致性可以接受。此外，我们在2013年埃特纳火山和1986年切尔诺贝利的案例研究中，在几个数量级上显示了模型与观测结果之间非常好的一致性。我们的结果，以及在公开可用的测试套件中提供的验证数据集，构成了FALL3D（版本8或更高版本）未来改进的基础，也允许模型相互比较研究。
Abstract. This paper presents model validation results for the latest version release of the FALL3D atmospheric transport model. The code has been redesigned from scratch to incorporate different categories of species and to overcome legacy issues that precluded its preparation towards extreme-scale computing. The model validation is based on the new FALL3D-8.0 test suite, which comprises a set of four real case studies that encapsulate the major features of the model; namely, the simulation of long-range fine volcanic ash dispersal, volcanic SO2 dispersal, tephra fallout deposits and the dispersal and deposition of radionuclides. The first two test suite cases (i.e. the June 2011 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle ash cloud and the June 2019 Raikoke SO2 cloud) are validated against geostationary satellite retrievals and demonstrate the new FALL3D data insertion scheme. The metrics used to validate the volcanic ash and SO2 simulations are the structure, amplitude and location (SAL) metric and the figure of merit in space (FMS). The other two test suite cases (i.e. the February 2013 Mt. Etna ash cloud and associated tephra fallout deposit, and the dispersal of radionuclides resulting from the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear accident) are validated with scattered ground-based observations of deposit load and local particle grain size distributions and with measurements from the Radioactivity Environmental Monitoring database. For validation of tephra deposit loads and radionuclides, we use two variants of the normalised root-mean-square error metric. We find that FALL3D-8.0 simulations initialised with data insertion consistently improve agreement with satellite retrievals at all lead times up to 48 h for both volcanic ash and SO2 simulations. In general, SAL scores lower than 1.5 and FMS scores greater than 0.40 indicate acceptable agreement with satellite retrievals of volcanic ash and SO2. In addition, we show very good agreement, across several orders of magnitude, between the model and observations for the 2013 Mt. Etna and 1986 Chernobyl case studies. Our results, along with the validation datasets provided in the publicly available test suite, form the basis for future improvements to FALL3D (version 8 or later) and also allow for model intercomparison studies.
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Corradini, Stefano;Spinetti, Claudia;Gangale, Gabriele
通讯作者：
Gangale, Gabriele