Appearance of β-lactam Resistance Genes in Agricultural Soils and Clinical Isolates over the 20th Century.
Appearance of β-lactam Resistance Genes in Agricultural Soils and Clinical Isolates over the 20th Century.
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DOI：
10.1038/srep21550
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发表时间：
2016-02-16
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Dolfing J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Graham DW;Knapp CW;Christensen BT;McCluskey S;Dolfing J
关于农业和医疗抗生素的使用是否会增加整个自然界的抗生素耐药性(AR)，存在争议。这两个部门在抗生素管理方面一直不一致，但尚不清楚哪个部门在广泛范围内对获得性AR影响最大。利用定量聚合酶链式反应和丹麦阿斯科夫试验站自1923年以来保存的土壤，我们定量了化肥(M)和无机肥(IF)土壤中的4个广谱β-内酰胺AR基因(arg；blaTEM、blaSHV、blaoxA和blaCTX-M)和1类整合子基因(Int1)。1940年以后，土壤中M的“总”β-内酰胺ARG水平显著高于IF(配对t检验；p <； 0.001)。然而，优势个体的ARG随着时间的推移而变化；blaTEM和blaSHV在1963至1974年间，blaOXA稍晚，blaCTX-M自1988年以来。这些数据与临床分离株中首次报道的这些基因大致相同，这表明动物粪便中的arg与人类在历史上是相互关联的。档案数据进一步显示，当丹麦禁止使用非治疗性抗生素时，M土壤中blaCTX-M的水平下降，这表明通过谨慎的抗生素管理可以减少土壤中积累的ARG。相反，自1990年以来，M土壤中的INT1水平一直在增加，这意味着直接向土壤施用肥料应该作为未来管理计划的一部分进行仔细审查。
Debate exists about whether agricultural versus medical antibiotic use drives increasing antibiotic resistance (AR) across nature. Both sectors have been inconsistent at antibiotic stewardship, but it is unclear which sector has most influenced acquired AR on broad scales. Using qPCR and soils archived since 1923 at Askov Experimental Station in Denmark, we quantified four broad-spectrum β-lactam AR genes (ARG; blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA and blaCTX-M) and class-1 integron genes (int1) in soils from manured (M) versus inorganic fertilised (IF) fields. “Total” β-lactam ARG levels were significantly higher in M versus IF in soils post-1940 (paired-t test; p < 0.001). However, dominant individual ARGs varied over time; blaTEM and blaSHV between 1963 and 1974, blaOXA slightly later, and blaCTX-M since 1988. These dates roughly parallel first reporting of these genes in clinical isolates, suggesting ARGs in animal manure and humans are historically interconnected. Archive data further show when non-therapeutic antibiotic use was banned in Denmark, blaCTX-M levels declined in M soils, suggesting accumulated soil ARGs can be reduced by prudent antibiotic stewardship. Conversely, int1 levels have continued to increase in M soils since 1990, implying direct manure application to soils should be scrutinized as part of future stewardship programs.