A cross-national comparison of risk and protective factors for adolescent substance use: The United States and Australia
A cross-national comparison of risk and protective factors for adolescent substance use: The United States and Australia
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jadohealth.2003.08.015
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发表时间：
2004-07-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Hawkins, JD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beyers, JM;Toumbourou, JW;Hawkins, JD
目的：比较影响澳大利亚和美国青少年物质使用的风险和保护因素。两个国家对物质用途：澳大利亚采取了减少危害的政策，而美国采取了以禁欲为重点的政策。方法：横断面调查数据收集自缅因州的青少年独立样本（N = 16，861; 53%女性，7%非白人）和俄勒冈州（N = 15，542; 51%女性，24%非白人），美国和澳大利亚的维多利亚（N = 8442; 54%女性，11%非白人），1998年（缅因州和俄勒冈州）和1999年（维多利亚）。卡方检验、t检验、效应量比较和Logistic回归分析（考虑年龄和性别）被用于调查以下方面的跨国相似性和差异：（a）吸烟、饮酒和大麻使用率;（B）风险和保护因素水平;（c）风险和保护因素与物质使用之间的关联程度。在维多利亚，更多的青少年报告使用香烟和酒精，而更多的美国青少年报告使用大麻。在跨国样本中，风险和保护因素的暴露情况大体相似。然而，在缅因州和俄勒冈州的青少年认为手枪更容易获得，报告更多的参与宗教活动，并在寻求轰动和社会技能较高;和青少年在维多利亚有更有利的态度，对毒品使用和报告的社区规范和父母的态度更有利于毒品使用。在维多利亚、缅因州和俄勒冈州，大多数风险和保护因素与物质使用密切相关，程度相似。然而，在青少年中，在缅因州和俄勒冈州的同行/个人的风险和保护因素与社会分离更密切相关的物质使用，在青少年中，在维多利亚，家庭保护因素不太强烈相关的酒精use.Conclusions：尽管不同的政策方向对青少年物质使用的国家间的影响一般是相似的。现有的差异表明，戒断政策背景与较高水平的非法药物使用和更强的社会分离和物质使用的个人指标之间的关系，而减少危害的政策背景是有关更多的香烟和酒精的使用，可能是从暴露于规范的影响，更宽容的青年吸毒。(C)青少年医学协会，2004年。
Purpose: To compare risk and protective factors that influence youth substance use in Australia and the United States. The two countries have different policy orientations toward substance use: Australia has adopted harm-reduction policies, and the United States has adopted abstinence-focused polices.Methods: Cross-sectional survey data were collected from independent samples of adolescents in the states of Maine (N = 16,861; 53% female, 7% Non-white) and Oregon (N = 15,542; 51% female, 24% Non-white) in the United States and Victoria in Australia (N = 8442; 54% Female, 11% Non-white) in 1998 (Maine and Oregon) and 1999 (Victoria). Chi-square tests, t-tests, effect size comparisons, and logistic regression analyses that accounted for age and gender were used to investigate cross-national similarities and differences in: (a) rates of cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use; (b) levels of risk and protective factors; and (c) magnitudes of associations between risk and protective factors and substance use.Results: More adolescents in Victoria reported using cigarettes and alcohol, whereas more of the U.S. adoles- cents reported using marijuana. Exposure to risk and protective factors was generally similar in the cross-national samples. However, adolescents in Maine and Oregon perceived handguns to be more readily available, reported more participation in religious activities, and were higher in sensation-seeking and social skills; and adolescents in Victoria had more favorable attitudes toward drug use and reported community norms and parental attitudes more favorable to drug use. Most of the risk and protective factors were strongly associated with substance use to a similar degree in Victoria, Maine, and Oregon. However, among adolescents in Maine and Oregon peer/individual risk and protective factors associated with social detachment were more strongly related to substance use, and among adolescents in Victoria, family protective factors were less strongly related to alcohol use.Conclusions: Inter-country influences on youth substance use are generally similar despite different policy directions. Existing differences suggest that the abstinence policy context is associated with higher levels of illicit drug use and stronger relations between individual indicators of social detachment and substance use, whereas the harm reduction policy context is related to more cigarette and alcohol use, possibly from exposure to normative influences that are more tolerant of youth drug use. (C) Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2004.