Annual changes in concentrations and health risks of PCDD/Fs, DL-PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in ambient air based on the Global Monitoring Plan in Sao Paulo
Annual changes in concentrations and health risks of PCDD/Fs, DL-PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in ambient air based on the Global Monitoring Plan in Sao Paulo
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根据圣保罗全球监测计划，环境空气中 PCDD/F、DL-PCB 和有机氯农药的浓度和健康风险的年度变化
DOI：
10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113310
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Zhang Zengli
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hu Zhiyong;Li Jiafu;Li Bingyan;Zhang Zengli
环境空气中含有多种持久性有机污染物（POP），吸入暴露引起了全世界的关注。然而，关于巴西圣保罗环境空气中持久性有机污染物浓度和健康风险的年度变化的资料有限。本研究根据全球监测计划，提供了2010年至2015年期间圣保罗环境空气中多氯二苯并对二恶英和二苯并呋喃（PCDD/Fs）、二恶英类多氯联苯（DL-PCB）和10组有机氯农药（OCPs）年度变化的全面信息。所研究的持久性有机污染物的质量浓度（PCDD/Fs、DL-PCBs和OCP）从2010年到2015年呈下降趋势（分别为2.65 × 10 - 2 ~ 1.33 × 10 - 2 pg m-3、9.89 × 10 - 2 ~ 3.12 × 10 - 2 pg m-3和0.313 ~ 0.100 ng m-3），这可能是由于非故意排放的减少。研究结果表明，研究对象的致癌风险（CR）和非致癌风险（Non-CR）分别为1.48 × 10 - 11 ~ 6.08 × 10 - 7和3.44 × 10 - 8 ~ 3.34 × 10 - 3，均低于公认的阈值（氯丁橡胶和非氯丁橡胶分别为10−6/10− 5和1），表明所研究的持久性有机污染物构成的健康风险可以接受。多氯二苯并对二恶英和多氯二苯并呋喃的CR最高（6.08 × 10−8-4.81 × 10−7），而DL-多氯联苯和9种有机氯农药的第95百分位CR低于10−7，这表明在所研究的持久性有机污染物中，环境空气中的多氯二苯并对二恶英和多氯二苯并呋喃值得特别关注。二氯二苯三氯乙烷的第95百分位CR（2.30 × 10−8），狄氏剂（1.30 × 10−8），六氯环己烷（1.05 × 10−8），七氯（8.97 × 10−9），六氯苯（6.47 × 10−9），氯代巴比妥（5.89 × 10−9），七氯环氧化物在环境空气中，艾氏剂（1.42 × 10−9）、艾氏剂（1.33 × 10−9）和灭蚁灵（2.71 × 10−10）的浓度相对较低，表明它们对人类健康的威胁可以忽略不计。总体而言，2010-2015年期间，圣保罗环境空气中的多氯二苯并对二恶英/呋喃、DL-PCB和OCP并未对人类健康构成严重威胁。
Ambient air contains a number of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), to which inhalation exposure has drawn worldwide concern. However, information regarding annual changes in the concentrations and health risks of POPs in the ambient air of São Paulo, Brazil, are limited. This study provides comprehensive information on annual changes in polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs), and 10 groups of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the ambient air of São Paulo between 2010 and 2015 based on the Global Monitoring Plan. The mass concentrations of the studied POPs (PCDD/Fs, DL-PCBs, and OCPs) showed declining trends from 2010 to 2015 (from 2.65 × 10−2to 1.33 × 10−2pg m−3, from 9.89 × 10−2to 3.12 × 10−2pg m−3, and from 0.313 to 0.100 ng m−3, respectively), which might be due to the decrease of non-intentional emissions. The carcinogenic risk (CR) and non-carcinogenic risk (Non-CR) of the studied POPs were 1.48 × 10−11to 6.08 × 10−7and 3.44 × 10−8to 3.34 × 10−3, respectively, which are lower than the generally accepted threshold values (10−6/10−5and 1 for CR and Non-CR, respectively), suggesting that the health risks posed by the studied POPs were acceptable. PCDD/Fs had the highest CR (6.08 × 10−8-4.81 × 10−7), whereas the 95th percentile CR of DL-PCBs and nine of the OCPs were lower than 10−7, suggesting that among the studied POPs, PCDD/Fs in the ambient air warrant special attention. The 95th percentile CRs of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (2.30 × 10−8), dieldrin (1.30 × 10−8), hexachlorocyclohexanes (1.05 × 10−8), heptachlor (8.97 × 10−9), hexachlorobenzene (6.47 × 10−9), chlordane (5.89 × 10−9), heptachlor epoxide (1.42 × 10−9), aldrin (1.33 × 10−9), and mirex (2.71 × 10−10) in ambient air were relatively low, suggesting that their threats to human health were negligible. In general, PCDD/Fs, DL-PCBs, and OCPs in the ambient air of São Paulo did not pose serious threats to human health during 2010–2015.