Once Bitten, Twice Shy: Does Previous Experience Influence Behavioural Decisions of Snakes in Encounters with Predators?
Once Bitten, Twice Shy: Does Previous Experience Influence Behavioural Decisions of Snakes in Encounters with Predators?
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一朝被咬，两次害羞：以前的经历是否会影响蛇在遇到捕食者时的行为决策？
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发表时间：
2013
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通讯作者：
P. Gregory
中科院分区：
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作者：
P. Gregory
伤害在不同类群的动物中很常见，通常归因于与捕食者的遭遇。尽管伤害通常不致命，但它代表了捕食者的影响，可能对人口和健康产生负面影响（例如繁殖成本）。然而，与捕食者的遭遇也代表了动物可以学习并积极适应未来行为的经验，有可能至少部分减轻先前接触捕食者的负面影响。我预测，受伤的草蛇（Natrix natrix）可能之前被捕食者处理过，在捕获之前比未受伤的蛇更有可能移动。这一预测得到了证实。受伤的蛇的身体状况也比未受伤的蛇低，尽管影响并不显着。与以前从未被捕获过的蛇相比，之前被捕获过的蛇在捕获前移动的可能性也明显更大。这些结果为经验和学习在改变蛇的反捕食行为中的作用提供了强有力的证据。
Injuries are common in animals of diverse taxa and are usually attributed to encounters with predators. Although often non-lethal, injuries nevertheless represent effects of predators that can have negative consequences for demography and fitness (e.g. reproductive costs). However, encounters with predators also represent experience through which animals can learn and positively adapt their future behaviour, potentially mitigating, at least partly, the negative effects of prior exposure to predators. I predicted that injured grass snakes (Natrix natrix), which presumably had been handled previously by a predator, would be more likely to move before capture than uninjured snakes. This prediction was borne out. Snakes with injuries also had lower body condition than uninjured snakes, although the effect was non-significant. Snakes that had been previously captured also were significantly more likely to move before capture than snakes that had never been caught before. These results provide strong evidence for the role of experience and learning in modifying the antipredator behaviour of snakes.