Two insulin receptors determine alternative wing morphs in planthoppers
Two insulin receptors determine alternative wing morphs in planthoppers
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两种胰岛素受体决定飞虱的替代翅膀形态
DOI：
10.1038/nature14286
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发表时间：
2015-03-26
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Zhang, Chuan-Xi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xu, Hai-Jun;Xue, Jian;Zhang, Chuan-Xi
翅膀多表型是一种成功的进化特征，存在于许多昆虫中。长翼变形鸟可以飞行，这使它们能够逃离不利的栖息地并追踪变化的资源，而短翼变形鸟不会飞行，但通常比有翼变形鸟具有更高的繁殖力，，。对蚜虫、蟋蟀和飞虱的研究表明，不同的翅膀形态是根据各种环境线索发展起来的，，，，，，，，对这些线索的反应可能是由发育激素介导的，尽管在这一领域的研究得出了模棱两可和相互矛盾的结果，究竟是哪些激素参与了。就目前而言，昆虫翅膀形态决定的分子机制仍然是难以捉摸的。本研究表明，迁徙褐飞虱（nilaparvata lugens）中的两个胰岛素受体InR1和InR2通过调节叉头转录因子Foxo的活性，在控制长翼和短翼发育中发挥相反的作用。InR1通过磷脂酰肌醇-3- oh激酶(PI(3)K) -蛋白激酶B （Akt）信号级联作用，导致活性长翼型和非活性短翼型。相反，InR2作为InR1-PI (3) K-Akt通路的负调节因子：抑制InR2导致长翼形态的发育。脑分泌的配体Ilp3触发长翼变种的发育。我们的研究结果为昆虫翅膀多表型调控的分子基础提供了第一个证据，也是我们所知的第一个二元控制替代发育结果的证明，从而加深了我们对表型可塑性的发育和进化的理解。
Wing polyphenism is an evolutionarily successful feature found in a wide range of insects. Long-winged morphs can fly, which allows them to escape adverse habitats and track changing resources, whereas short-winged morphs are flightless, but usually possess higher fecundity than the winged morphs,,. Studies on aphids, crickets and planthoppers have revealed that alternative wing morphs develop in response to various environmental cues,,,,,,, and that the response to these cues may be mediated by developmental hormones, although research in this area has yielded equivocal and conflicting results about exactly which hormones are involved,,,. As it stands, the molecular mechanism underlying wing morph determination in insects has remained elusive. Here we show that two insulin receptors in the migratory brown planthopperNilaparvata lugens, InR1 and InR2, have opposing roles in controlling long wing versus short wing development by regulating the activity of the forkhead transcription factor Foxo. InR1, acting via the phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K)–protein kinase B (Akt) signalling cascade, leads to the long-winged morph if active and the short-winged morph if inactive. InR2, by contrast, functions as a negative regulator of the InR1–PI(3)K–Akt pathway: suppression of InR2 results in development of the long-winged morph. The brain-secreted ligand Ilp3 triggers development of long-winged morphs. Our findings provide the first evidence of a molecular basis for the regulation of wing polyphenism in insects, and they are also the first demonstration—to our knowledge—of binary control over alternative developmental outcomes, and thus deepen our understanding of the development and evolution of phenotypic plasticity.