The origin and evolution of fibromelanosis in domesticated chickens: Genomic comparison of Indonesian Cemani and Chinese Silkie breeds.
The origin and evolution of fibromelanosis in domesticated chickens: Genomic comparison of Indonesian Cemani and Chinese Silkie breeds.
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家养鸡纤维黑变病的起源和进化：印度尼西亚塞马尼和中国乌骨鸡品种的基因组比较。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0173147
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Satta Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dharmayanthi AB;Terai Y;Sulandari S;Zein MS;Akiyama T;Satta Y
与中国乌骨鸡一样，印度尼西亚雄鸡也表现出纤维黑变病或皮肤色素沉着过度，并且在 20 号染色体上具有涉及内皮素 3 基因 EDN3 的复杂节段重复。基因组区域（127 kb 的 DR1）与另一区域（171 kb 的 DR2）通过不等交换进行复制，并伴有一个 DR2 的倒位。对 Cemani 基因组序列的定量 PCR 和拷贝数变异分析证实了 EDN3 的重复。 Cemani 和 Silkie 中的这些遗传排列是相同的，表明 Fm 遗传原因的单一起源。这两个 DR1 以永久杂合性的形式包含两种不同的 EDN3 单倍型，尽管它们在祖先红原鸡群体和一些家养鸡品种中仍然是等位基因，其等位基因分歧时间可追溯到 30 万年前。在 Cemani 和 Silkie 品种中，有利于 Fm 表型的人工选择为选择性扫描留下了明确的记录，该记录从串联重复的 EDN3 基因座向两个方向延伸。 Cemani 和 Silkie 之间的高度纯合子系长度不同，反映了它们不同的育种历史。据估计，Fm表型至少在6600-9100年前就已经存在，在Cemani和Silkie的驯化之前，并且在整个驯化过程中，每个品种都经历了强烈的人工选择，强度> 50%。
Like Chinese Silkie, Indonesian Ayam Cemani exhibits fibromelanosis or dermal hyperpigmentation and possesses complex segmental duplications on chromosome 20 that involve the endothelin 3 gene, EDN3. A genomic region, DR1 of 127 kb, together with another region, DR2 of 171 kb, was duplicated by unequal crossing over, accompanied by inversion of one DR2. Quantitative PCR and copy number variation analyses on the Cemani genome sequence confirmed the duplication of EDN3. These genetic arrangements are identical in Cemani and Silkie, indicating a single origin of the genetic cause of Fm. The two DR1s harbor two distinct EDN3 haplotypes in a form of permanent heterozygosity, although they remain allelic in the ancestral Red Jungle Fowl population and some domesticated chicken breeds, with their allelic divergence time being as recent as 0.3 million years ago. In Cemani and Silkie breeds, artificial selection favoring the Fm phenotype has left an unambiguous record for selective sweep that extends in both directions from tandemly duplicated EDN3 loci. This highly homozygous tract is different in length between Cemani and Silkie, reflecting their distinct breeding histories. It is estimated that the Fm phenotype came into existence at least 6600–9100 years ago, prior to domestication of Cemani and Silkie, and that throughout domestication there has been intense artificial selection with strength s > 50% in each breed.