The aging mind: neuroplasticity in response to cognitive training.
The aging mind: neuroplasticity in response to cognitive training.
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DOI：
10.31887/dcns.2013.15.1/dpark
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发表时间：
2013-03
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Bischof GN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Park DC;Bischof GN
有没有可能通过认知训练技术来增强神经和认知功能？我们能通过干预延缓与年龄相关的认知功能下降并避免阿尔茨海默病吗？老化的大脑真的有能力对刺激做出反应吗？在本文中，我们考虑了老化大脑的神经可塑性，即大脑对持续经验的反应能力。我们认为，尽管随着年龄的增长，神经系统会出现一些退化，但大脑有能力增加神经活动，并发展神经支架来调节认知功能。我们认为，在认知训练或经验的神经体积的增加是一个明确的指标的变化，但在激活响应认知训练的变化可能是策略变化的证据，而不是指示神经可塑性。我们注意到，认知训练的效果随着时间的推移令人惊讶地持久，但训练效果转移到其他认知领域的证据相对有限。我们回顾的证据表明，在一个需要持续的认知努力的环境中参与可能会促进认知功能。
Is it possible to enhance neural and cognitive function with cognitive training techniques? Can we delay age-related decline in cognitive function with interventions and stave off Alzheimer's disease? Does an aged brain really have the capacity to change in response to stimulation? In the present paper, we consider the neuroplasticity of the aging brain, that is, the brain's ability to increase capacity in response to sustained experience. We argue that, although there is some neural deterioration that occurs with age, the brain has the capacity to increase neural activity and develop neural scaffolding to regulate cognitive function. We suggest that increase in neural volume in response to cognitive training or experience is a clear indicator of change, but that changes in activation in response to cognitive training may be evidence of strategy change rather than indicative of neural plasticity. We note that the effect of cognitive training is surprisingly durable over time, but that the evidence that training effects transfer to other cognitive domains is relatively limited. We review evidence which suggests that engagement in an environment that requires sustained cognitive effort may facilitate cognitive function.