Occupational Characteristics and Cognitive Aging in the Glostrup 1914 Cohort
Occupational Characteristics and Cognitive Aging in the Glostrup 1914 Cohort
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DOI：
10.1093/geronb/gbs115
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发表时间：
2014-03-01
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Mortensen, Erik L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gow, Alan J.;Avlund, Kirsten;Mortensen, Erik L.
目标.研究了职业特征对20年认知变化的影响。在Glostrup 1914队列中，对60岁时的职业特征（智力挑战、身体危害和心理需求）进行评估，并在60岁、70岁和80岁时通过4项认知能力测试评估认知能力。从事智力挑战性更强的职业的人认知能力更高（r = 0.27 - 0.38，p <0.01），而从事对身体危害更大的职业的人表现更差（50岁和60岁时r =-0.12和-0.13，p <0.05）。在增长曲线模型中，智力挑战继续与认知能力相关，并控制了性别、教育和社会阶层。然而，在考虑到50岁时的认知能力后，这种关联被逆转了;在认知能力基线水平相同的2个人中，智力挑战性更大的职业中的一个随后的认知能力较低。调整基本人口统计学后，身体危害与认知能力水平较低的相关性并不存在，60岁至80岁之间的认知变化与职业特征无关。尽管职业智力挑战对认知能力水平的影响在考虑了预先存在的认知差异后发生了逆转，但没有证据表明职业特征对老年认知变化的长期影响。
Objectives. The effect of occupational characteristics on cognitive change over 20 years was examined.Method. Occupational characteristics-intellectual challenge, physical hazards, and psychological demands-were assessed in the Glostrup 1914 Cohort when aged 60 years, and cognitive ability was assessed by 4 cognitive ability tests at ages 60, 70, and 80.Results. Individuals in more intellectually challenging occupations had higher cognitive ability (r = .27-.38, p < .01), whereas those in more physically hazardous occupations performed more poorly (r = -.12 and -.13 at ages 50 and 60, p < .05). In growth curve models, intellectual challenge continued to be associated with cognitive ability, controlling for sex, education, and social class. However, the association was reversed after accounting for cognitive ability at age 50; of 2 individuals with the same baseline level of cognitive ability, the one in the more intellectually challenging occupation had lower subsequent cognitive ability. The association of physical hazards with lower cognitive ability level did not remain after adjustment for the basic demographics, and none of the occupational characteristics were associated with cognitive change between age 60 and 80.Discussion. Notwithstanding the reversal of the effect of occupational intellectual challenge on cognitive ability level after accounting for pre-exiting cognitive differences, there was no evidence for long-term effects of occupational characteristics on cognitive change in old age.