Social order and disorder of street blocks and neighborhoods: Ecology, microecology, and the systemic model of social disorganization
Social order and disorder of street blocks and neighborhoods: Ecology, microecology, and the systemic model of social disorganization
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DOI：
10.1177/0022427897034001006
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发表时间：
1997-02-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Taylor, RB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Taylor, RB
Bursik和Grasmick最近重新制定了面向生态的系统邻里混乱模型，明确认识到三个层面的非正式社会控制：私人(家人和密友)、狭隘(裸露在附近的熟人身上)和公共(社区与外部代理人和机构之间)。最近的研究表明，该模型值得在地方性层面上进一步阐明。作者建议通过以下三种方式发展非正式社会控制的地方性水平：认识到社区内非正式社会控制的差异和对无序的反应；承认街道街区作为日常环境的核心重要性，将居民与社区更广泛的生态动态联系起来；通过制定微生态原理，类似于人类生态学原理，帮助我们理解街道街区和社区层面生态动态之间的联系。建议的视角将生态和社区心理学视角与社会解体过程联系起来，以阐明以居民为基础的控制的集体心理地理学的空间和时间差异。
Bursik and Grasmick's recently reformulated, ecologically oriented systemic model of neighborhood disorder explicitly recognizes three levels of informal social control: private (family and close friends), parochial (bared on nearby acquaintances), and public (between neighborhoods and external agents and agencies). Recent research suggests that the model deserves further articulation at the parochial level The author proposes developing the parochial level of informal social control in the following three ways: by recognizing within-neighborhood variations in informal social control and responses to disorder; by acknowledging the central importance of street blocks as durable features of the everyday environment connecting residents to broader ecological dynamics in their neighborhood; and by developing microecological principles, analogous to human ecological principles, to help us understand connections between street block and community-level ecological dynamics. The proposed perspective links ecological and community psychological perspectives with social disorganization processes to clarify spatial and temporal variations in the collective psychogeography of resident-based control.